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Chapter 11: Carbonyl Compounds I: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitutions
Exercises
Practice Exercise 3
Practice Exercise 3
This activity contains 6 questions.
Which of the following dicarboxylic acids contains four carbon atoms?
malonic acid
oxalic acid
succinic acid
adipic acid
glutaric acid
Which of the following pairs are
not
two different names for the same compound?
benzonitrile and phenyl cyanide
caproic acid and pentanoic acid
sodium formate and sodium methanoate
ethanoic anhydride and acetic anhydride
3-chlorobutanoic acid and beta-chlorobutyric acid
Which of the following gives the correct relative reactivities?
acyl chloride > ester > amide
ester > amide > carboxylic acid
carboxylic acid > acid anhydride > ester
acid anhydride > amide > ester
ester > acyl halide > amide
What is the hybridization of the carbonyl carbon in carboxylic acid derivatives?
It is not hybridized.
sp
3
sp
2
p
sp
The nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction can be described by a two-step free energy diagram. Under what condition is the first transition state higher in energy than the second transition state?
The nucleophile is a stronger base than the group attached to the acyl group.
The nucleophile and the group attached to the acyl group have about the same basicity.
The carboxylic acid derivative is unreactive.
The nucleophile is a weaker base than the group attached to the acyl group.
The second step is the rate-limiting step.
Which of the following is the best leaving group?
CH
3
COO
-
NH
3
NH
2
-
Cl
-
HO
-
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