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Chapter 3
Fundamental Measurements
03-00-03un

Labeled
Title
 Bumpersticker
Caption
 The bumpersticker says "Cryogenics is cool." Research and industrial operations involving extermely low temperatures utilize cryogenic conditions.
Keywords
 cryogenics, bumper sticker
03-02

Labeled
Title
 Wrenches with metric and English units
Caption
 If you want a wrench that is the next size smaller than an 11-mm wrench, it's easy--use a 10-mm wrench. SI units are easier to work with than English units. If you have a 7/16-inch wrench, the next one smaller is marked 3/8-inch, not 6/16-inch (assuming the wrenches are in 1/16-inch intervals).
Keywords
 English, metric, SI, units
03-05

Labeled
Title
 Metric volume relationships
Caption
 One cubic decimeter has a volume equal to 1000 cm3; 1.00 cm3 equals 1.00 mL. Also, 1000 mL equals one liter.
Keywords
 metric volume, decimeter, liter, L, mL, cm3, dm3
03-07

Labeled
Title
 Laboratory apparatus for volume measurement
Caption
 Laboratory apparatus for measuring liquid volumes.
Keywords
 metric volume, pipet, buret, graduated cylinder, flask, volumetric, measurement
03-09

Labeled
Title
 Mass balance
Caption
 A simple balance.
Keywords
 mass, balance, measurement
03-12

Labeled
Title
 Precision and accuracy
Caption
 A dart board analogy of precision and accuracy.
Keywords
 dart, precision, accuracy, uncertainty
03-13

Labeled
Title
 Uncertainty of volume measurement
Caption
 A volume can be approximated to ±0.01 mL when the calibrations are shown in tenths, as they are in this figure. The volume 6.23 mL has three significant figures.
Keywords
 uncertainty, significant figures, digits, measurement
03-14

Labeled
Title
 City signs
Caption
 Which city has its population reported more precisely, based on significant figures?
Keywords
 significant figures, round off, precision
03-14-01un

Labeled
Title
 Scientific notation, positive exponents
Caption
 Scientific notation for exponent power of +2.
Keywords
 scientific notation, exponent
03-14-02un

Labeled
Title
 Scientific notation, negative exponents
Caption
 Scientific notation for exponent power of -3.
Keywords
 scientific notation, exponent
03-15

Labeled
Title
 Factors of ten
Caption
 What fraction is a drop in a 5-gallon bucket?
Keywords
 drops, volume measurement, part per thousand, part per million, part per billion
03-17

Labeled
Title
 Mass and density of metal
Caption
 The masses of 1.00 cm3 of several metals. For the metals shown, magnesium is the least dense and gold is the most dense.
Keywords
 mass, density, metal
03-19

Labeled
Title
 Hydrometers
Caption
 Hydrometers can be used to measure the specific gravity of a solution. (a) A hydrometer can be used to check the specific gravity of an antifreeze solution to determine the level of protection provided at cold temperatures. (b) The hydrometer shown here can measure specific gravities from 0.700 to 0.770.
Keywords
 specific gravity, hydrometer, antifreeze
03-20

Labeled
Title
 Pycnometer
Caption
 Pycnometers can be used for precise density and specific gravity determination for liquids.
Keywords
 pycnometer, density, specific gravity
03-21

Labeled
Title
 Temperature scales
Caption
 A comparison of the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin temperature scales.
Keywords
 temperature, measurement, scale, Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin
03-22

Labeled
Title
 Heat energy
Caption
 A bathtub of water at a given temperature has more heat energy than does a cup of water at the same temperature.
Keywords
 heat energy, temperature
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