As with other racial and ethnic groups, maintaining group solidarity and thus group identity for Jewish people in the United States can be essential to surviving their subordinate status. Paradoxically, the reduction in anti-Semitism present in the United States also poses a threat to the Jewishness or Yiddishkait of Jewish people. This chapter explores the definition of Jewish identity and the origins and impacts of anti-Semitism on the formation of this identity. In addition, the current situation of Jewish people in the United States with regard to employment, education, and organizational and political activity is explored. This chapter also examines the importance of family, religion, and cultural heritage to Jewish identity while addressing the struggles Jewish women face in the double jeopardy they experience in being both female and Jewish.