This chapter begins by clarifying the distinctions between Arab and Muslim Americans that are often incorrectly referred to as the same population; although they can overlap with some Muslim Americans being of Arab ancestry. Most Muslim Americans are not of Arab background and most Arab Americans are not Muslim. You are introduced to variations in religious expression, ancestral background, and immigration issues. Both groups have been stigmatized through Orientalism. This chapter also discusses contemporary life in the United States and issues of prejudice and discrimination.