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Chapter 3

Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice


This activity contains 14 questions.

	Civil rights activist Stokely Carmichael and political scientist Charles Hamilton introduced the concept of _______________, which refers to covert acts committed collectively against an entire group.   institutional discrimination institutional racism relative deprivation institutional prejudice

	Which of the following is a characteristic of the informal economy?   workers lack the formal credentials that are necessary for doing their jobs work is frequently seasonal or sporadic individuals may work as mechanics, cooks, or electricians all of the above

	Sociologist Edna Bonacich notes that labor, even when not manual, is still rewarded less when performed by minorities. This finding is in keeping with which sociological perspective?   conflict perspective functionalist perspective labeling approach interactionist approach

	William Wilson and others have stressed that it is not bad behavior but _______________ factors, such as the loss of manufacturing jobs, that have hit ghetto residents so hard and caused the development of the underclass.   cultural environmental biological structural

	With respect to earnings, which is the correct order of the following groups (starting at the high end and working toward the bottom):   White males, Black males, White females, Hispanic males, Hispanic females. White males, White females, Hispanic males, Black males, Hispanic females. White males, Hispanic males, Black males, White females, Hispanic females. White males, White females, Black males, Hispanic males, Hispanic females.

	Two main agents of social change work to reduce discrimination: _______________ and the _______________.   voluntary associations; federal government mass media; schools local government; voluntary associations schools; churches

	The most important legislative effort to eradicate discrimination was the:   New York State Clubs Association v. City of New York. Civil Rights Act of 1976. Civil Rights Act of 1964. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas.

	The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited:   different voting registration standards for Black and White voting applicants. discrimination in public housing. discrimination in all aspects of the criminal justice system. all of the above.

	Lawyers accused oil companies with _______________ because they knowingly allowed a predominantly Black housing development to be built on contaminated land.   environmental racism double jeopardy institutional discrimination total discrimination

	Affirmative action has become a catchall term for:   racial preference programs and goals. any program that suggests special consideration for women or racial minorities. any unenforceable effort to recruit subordinate group members for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. both a and b.

	In the 1978 Bakke case the United States Supreme Court ruled that:   a 30 percent set-aside program for minority contractors was unconstitutional. it was ok for unions to favor minorities in special training programs. it was constitutional for universities to adopt flexible admissions programs that use race as one factor in making decisions. quotas for promotion of state troopers was constitutional.

	People in the U.S. acknowledge racial disparities but disagree over affirmative action policies. In 2001 national surveys showed:   78% wanted an expansion of affirmative action. virtually everyone thought that affirmative action was a bad idea and happy that it was gone. 35% felt programs should be decreased. virtually everyone thought that affirmative action had been good for the country.

	Which of the following statements about affirmative action programs is correct?   According to the United States Department of Labor, affirmative action has caused very few claims of reverse discrimination. Opponents of affirmative action argue that the program validates quotas that lead to reverse discrimination. Supporters of affirmative action argue that hiring goals establish "floors" for minority inclusion but do not exclude truly qualified candidates from any group. all of the above

	The Glass Ceiling Commission noted that United States corporations had:   effective policies for advancing all workers to decision-making positions. pay inequities for work of equal or comparable value. family-friendly workplace policies. effectively dealt with issues on sex, race, and ethnic-based stereotyping and harassment.

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