1. Classification of Substance-Related Disorders
   1. Substance Abuse and Dependence
   2. Addiction, Physiological Dependence, and Psychological Dependence
   3. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Substance Dependence
   4. Pathways to Drug Dependence
2. Drugs of Abuse
   1. Depressants
      1. Alcohol
      2. Barbiturates
      3. Opioids
   2. Stimulants
      1. Amphetamines
      2. Ecstacy
      3. Cocaine
      4. Nicotine
   3. Hallucinogens
      1. LSD
      2. Phencyclidine (PCP)
      3. Marijuana
3. Theoretical Perspectives
   1. Biological Perspectives
      1. Neurotransmitters
      2. Genetic Factors
   2. Learning Perspectives
      1. Operant Conditioning
      2. Alcohol and Tension Reduction
      3. Negative Reinforcement and Withdrawal
      4. The Conditioning Model of Cravings
      5. Observational Learning
   3. Cognitive Perspectives
      1. Outcome Expectancies, and Substance Abuse
      2. Self-Efficacy Expectancies
      3. Does One "Slip" Cause People with Substance Abuse or Dependence to Go on Binges? Perhaps What You Believe Is What You Get
   4. Psychodynamic Perspectives
   5. Sociocultural Perspectives
   6. Tying It Together
4. Treatment of Substance Abuse and Dependence
   1. Biological Approaches
      1. Detoxification
      2. Disulfiram
      3. Antidepressants
      4. Nicotine Replacement Therapy
      5. Methadone Maintenance Programs
      6. Nalaxone and Naltrexone
   2. Culturally Sensitive Treatment of Alcoholism
   3. Nonprofessional Support Groups
   4. Residential Approaches
   5. Psychodynamic Approaches
   6. Behavioral Approaches
      1. Self-Control Strategies
      2. Aversive Conditioning
      3. Social Skills Training
   7. Relapse-Prevention Training
5. Summing Up

Learning Objectives

1. Distinguish between substance abuse and dependence, tolerance and withdrawal.
2. Distinguish between psychological and physiological dependence.
3. Describe physical and psychological effects of depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens.
4. Discuss biological, learning, cognitive, psychodynamic, and sociocultural perspectives of substance abuse and dependence.
5. Discuss approaches to treating substance abuse and dependence including detoxification, disulfiram, antidepressants, nicotine replacement, methadone maintenance and nalaxone/naltrexone.
6. Discuss the need for, and methods of, relapse-prevention training.

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