Objectives

Chapter 16 is an introduction to the Zone System. It explains how the system can be used to realize a print in the way it is initially visualized or to alter the appearance of reality in the print. The chapter presents three pertinent ranges of tones: subject values, negative-density values, and print values. It then explains how they are related via the Zone System. Instructions for the use of light meters to set middle gray and count zones are provided. The chapter also covers how changing negative-development time is used with the Zone System to alter contrast. The benefits of using the Zone System when working with roll film and color film are discussed at the end of the chapter.

After reading this chapter you should be able to:

1. Understand what the Zone System is and how it is implemented.
2. Understand the relationship between subject values, negative-density values, and print values as related to the Zone System.
3. Understand how light meters are used in setting exposure for the Zone System.
4. Alter negative development time to affect contrast and values.
5. Understand the difference between expansions and contractions, and their significance to the Zone System.
6. Understand the usefulness of the Zone System for color work.