Objectives

Chapter 6 describes the printing process. The equipment and supplies for printing photographs are discussed. A step-by-step overview of printing procedures is offered. The functioning of different kinds of enlargers is described. The particular characteristics of papers that affect the appearance of the image are covered, as is the importance of test strips and trial prints. Instructions for adjustments in procedures and the selection of papers to correct for problems in the photograph are provided. Methods of correcting minor flaws in the prints, such as dodging and burning, are discussed. The use of toning for both aesthetic and archival purposes is also explained.

After reading this chapter you should be able to:

1. Identify the essential equipment and supplies needed to print from negatives.
2. Identify different types of printing papers and understand how they may be used to enhance a photograph.
3. Understand the importance of test strips, trial prints, and contact sheets and what they are used for.
4. Understand the differences between various types of enlargers and what affects the use of these may have on the print.
5. Evaluate density and contrast in a print.
6. Correctly process your prints for maximum permanence.
7. Use burning, dodging, cropping, and toning to improve the look of your photographs.