1. Intelligence is the capacity to learn from experience and adapt successfully to one's environment.
2. The Stanford-Binet is an intelligence test that yields an intelligence quotient (IQ).
3. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) gives separate verbal and performance scores.
4. Group aptitude tests include the SAT and the ACT.
5. Intelligence tests need to have standardization, reliability, and validity in order to be considered accurate measures.
6. There is disagreement about whether intelligent tests are biased.
7. General intelligence is a broad factor underlying all mental abilities and evidence from studies of infants and adults support this concept.
8. Gardner proposed seven kinds of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal.
9. Sternberg offers a triarchic theory of intelligence, which includes analytic intelligence, creativity, and practical intelligence.
10. Studies of twins and other relatives show a heredity influence on intelligence.
11. Research also indicates that environmental factors affect intelligence and this helps explain ethnic differences in IQ scores.
12. Girls score higher on verbal tests and boys score higher on mathematical and visual-spatial tests.
13. Individualized or special programs in educational settings exist for both gifted and mentally retarded children, which help meet their special needs.
14. Teacher expectations can influence student performance as evidenced by research on the self-fulfilling prophecy. This prophecy leads to stereotype threat and grouping or tracking students.

Copyright © 1995-2010, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Legal and Privacy Terms