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Chapter 17

Chapter Review

Chapter Review

This activity contains 40 questions.

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. Adam Smith is associated with economic thought and policy.

	The Encyclopedia advocated reform for the condition of women.    True  False

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. Ideas that were circulated in print became the basis for , the increasingly influential social force that came into existence sometime around the mid-eighteenth century.

	Rousseau was a staunch critic of the emerging materialist society.    True  False

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. embodied a return to figurative and architectural models drawn from the Renaissance and the ancient world.

	Religious leaders were the largest portion of the readership for the philosophes' writings.    True  False

	The majority of philosophes were   monarchs. artisans. free agents. university professors.

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. The belief that the God who created rational nature must also be rational, and the religion through which that God is worshiped should be rational is called .

	Protestantism and Catholicism taught that meaningful improvement in human nature on earth was impossible.    True  False

	Montesquieu believed   France should abolish the monarchy. the form of government best suited for a country depended on its character. the British system of government was the most desirable. the American Revolution was justified.

	Beccaria supported the utilitarian idea that the purpose of laws was to secure the greatest good for the greatest number of human beings.    True  False

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. Unlike Spinoza, Mendelsohn wished to advocate religious toleration while genuinely sustaining the traditional religious practices and faith of .

	For the most part, Europeans considered Islam incorrect and Muslims inferior.    True  False

	The most progressive European nation at the dawn of the Enlightenment was ______.   Spain England France Prussia

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. The were French economic reformers who prized agriculture, and believed the role of government should be to protect private property so owners could use it freely.

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu most admired the constitution.

	Voltaire lived in France and Switzerland throughout his life.    True  False

	Voltaire believed the human condition would continue to improve.    True  False

	Critics of European empires fixated upon   the failure to preserve the cultures that Europeans had encountered overseas. the inability to recognize the uniqueness of every culture. the implicit assumption of conquerors that their culture was superior. all of these answers

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. Rousseau believed that is more important than its individual members, because individuals are what they are only by virtue of their relationship to the larger community.

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. The expanding literate public led to an increasingly influential social force called .

	Montesquieu believed women were not naturally inferior to men.    True  False

	Rousseau was popular with women of his time.    True  False

	A style characterized by lavish, often lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light was known as ______.   mannerism rococo baroque neoclassicism

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. Diderot and d'Alembert published the , which was an important source of knowledge about eighteenth-century social and economic life.

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. closely identified God and nature and the spiritual and material worlds.

	One of the reasons Enlightened absolutist monarchs supported change and innovation was their desire for increased government revenue.    True  False

	Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer. II, upon succession to the Austrian throne, eliminated most but not all of the reforms of his brother Joseph II.

	How might Montague's views on Islam have differed if she had been a man? How might her writing's reception in Europe have differed if she had been male?   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Do you agree or disagree with d'Alembert that barbarism is more "natural" and long-lasting for humans than "reason and good taste" are? Use specific examples of events or periods from history to support your answer.   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Why did the philosophes consider organized religion to be their greatest enemy? Discuss the basic tenets of Deism, and how Deism avoided the problems a philosophe would see in traditional religions.   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Compare and contrast the ideas of Spinoza and Mendelsohn about the ideal role of Judaism in an observant Jew's life.   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Does the idea of God as a "divine watchmaker" seem more or less rational to you than a traditional Christian conceptualization of a God who intervenes directly in human affairs and causes miracles to occur? Explain.   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Analyze Smith and Rousseau as products of their times and countries. According to the textbook, "Smith wanted people to be prosperous; Rousseau wanted them to be good…." Is this an adequate summary of their views?   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Discuss the economic ideas of mercantilism and compare and contrast those ideas with the ideas of Adam Smith. Which set of ideas is more influential today?   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Construct a debate between Rousseau and Montesquieu. How would each thinker criticize the other's plan for reform? Which philosophy do you prefer?   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	How were women viewed during the Enlightenment? What roles did they play in intellectual society?   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Which of the monarchs discussed in this chapter seemed the most genuinely committed to the principles of the Enlightenment? What prevented this monarch from instituting a more truly enlightened form of government?   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	What is meant by the term Enlightened Absolutism? How is it a reflection of eighteenth-century thought?   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Whose views of women do you think are more widespread today, Rousseau's or Wollstonecraft's? Why?   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

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