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Schools and Universities
Summary
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Starting in Bologna in 1158, Western universities taught the trivium (language arts) and the quadrivium (math). Scholasticism, the favored method of study, relied on logic, memorization, argumentation, and recitation. Most of the content of the instruction came from Latin translations of Greek and Arabic texts. Since education had been limited previously to mostly theological instruction for clerical students, and given the pervasiveness of religion in everyday life, it is not surprising that some of the writings of the ancient philosophers studied by university students – especially Aristotle – were controversial.
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