After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
- Discuss the Piagetian perspective of cognitive development during the school years.
- Explain the Vygotskian perspective of cognitive development during the school years.
- Evaluate the information-processing perspective of cognitive development during the school years.
- Describe the linguistic capabilities and limitations of school-age children.
- Discuss the personal, social and educational benefits and challenges of bilingualism in America.
- Identify the major trends affecting schooling in North America and worldwide.
- Explain the development of reading skills during the school-age years.
- Describe some of the criticisms of home schooling.
- Discuss how teachers transmit their expectations to students and how these expectations affect student performance and teacher behavior.
- Define intelligence, discuss historical milestones in the area of intelligence testing, and identify the major tests used to measure intelligence.
- Discuss the controversies associated with the measurement and interpretation of intelligence test scores and review the research on the effect of IQ.
- Define mental retardation, identify the four major categories, and discuss the capabilities and limitations associated with each level.
- Define "gifted and talented" and discuss the primary approaches to educating children who fall outside the normal range of intelligence.
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