After reading this chapter you should be able to:
- Trace the connections between Harappan civilization and Southwest Asia.
- Describe the different forms of interaction between highlands and lowlands
during the years of the Harappan civilization.
- Describe the transition from egalitarian to ranked society in early Harappan
society and its material manifestations.
- Correlate the Xia and Shang dynasties and explain why the attributes
characteristic of Shang civilization are better known than those of the Xia.
- Compare and contrast the ideology of the Harappan with that of the Shang,
noting how each is embodied in the material remains of both the secular world (the city) and the sacred world (rituals).
- Describe various aspects of early Chinese civilization that have led to its
characterization as “harsh and repressive.”
- Use the model of a 'mandala' to explain Southeast Asian politics.
- Explain the role of bureaucratic officials in Southeast Asia and know how they differ from those of Mesopotamia and Egypt.
- Relate what happened in Southeast Asia as Islamic merchants gained control
of Malaysian trade networks and shipping routes.
- Identify the elements of a 'sacred landscape' and some of the resources it
requires.
- Discuss differences in the hierarchy of power and strategic alliances between the early Chinese civilizations and those utilized by the Khmer civilization.
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