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Chapter 1

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Test Yourself

Test Yourself

Pick the best answer.

This activity contains 29 questions.

	In the definition of psychology, mental processes means   outward behavior. overt actions and reactions. only animal behavior. internal, covert processes.

	A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. This psychologist is most interested in the goal of   explanation. description. control. prediction.

	Psychologists who give potential employees tests that determine what kind of job those employees might best fit are interested in the goal of   explanation. control. description. prediction.

	Which early theorist developed his perspective on psychology by basing it on Darwin's "survival of the fittest" doctrine?   John Watson Sigmund Freud Wilhelm Wundt William James

	"The whole is greater than the sum of the parts" is a statement associated with the perspective of   psychoanalysis. introspectionism. functionalism. Gestalt psychologists.

	__________ was (were) the focus of Watson's behaviorism.   The unconscious mind Observable experiences Conscious experiences Gestalt perceptions

	Who is most associated with the technique of introspection?   Watson Wertheimer Wundt James

	Who was denied a Ph.D. despite completing all the requirements for earning the degree?   Mary Whiton Calkins Margaret Washburn Eleanor Gibson Mary Cover Jones

	Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization?   psychoanalysis cognitive psychology humanism behaviorism

	Jenna suffers from a nervous tic of washing her hands repeatedly and being unable to resist washing them again and again. Which perspective would explain Jenna's hand-washing behavior as a result of repressed conflicts?   behaviorism biopsychology cognitive psychology psychodynamics

	Which perspective looks at perception, learning, and memory?   evolutionary perspective psychoanalysis cognitive psychology behaviorism

	Which perspective assumes that human behavior may have developed in certain directions because it served a useful function in preserving the species?   psychoanalysis evolutionary perspective behaviorism cognitive psychology

	Which of the following professionals in psychology has the broadest area of interests and functions?   psychiatric social worker psychoanalyst psychiatrist psychologist

	A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would best be advised to see a   psychologist. psychoanalyst. psychiatric social worker. psychiatrist.

	Which of the following specialties in psychology provides diagnosis and treatment for less serious mental problems such as adjustment disorders?   experimental developmental counseling personality

	In the scientific method, forming an educated guess is called   perceiving a question. reporting your results. forming a hypothesis. drawing conclusions.

	Harlan wanted to write realistically about street gangs, so he pretended to be a teenager and joined a real gang. This is most similar to the method of   the observer effect. participant observation. laboratory observation. the case study.

	The main advantage of a case study is   being able to determine cause and effect. the amount of detail it provides about an individual. the ease of generalizing the results to others. the large number of people that can be studied at one time.

	The entire group that a researcher is interested in is called a   subject pool. population. survey. sample.

	Professor Jones surveyed her six classes and found that students who slept less than five hours the night before the exam received lower exam scores than those students who slept seven hours or more. What kind of correlation is this relationship between hours of sleep and scores?   zero negative causal positive

	Drinking orange juice is negatively correlated with lowered risk of cancer. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?   The more orange juice you drink, the lower your risk of cancer. Drinking orange juice causes people to be cancer free. The less orange juice you drink, the lower your risk of cancer. The more orange juice you drink, the higher your risk of cancer.

	A researcher designs an experiment to test the effects of playing video games on memory. What would be the dependent variable?   scores on a memory test number of hours spent playing video games the type of video game played playing video games

	In that same experiment, the experimental group would   not play the video games. play the video games. take the memory test while the control group would not. not take the memory test while the control group would.

	In Dr. Amabile's experiment on creativity and reward, what was the independent variable?   the creativity scores for the collages the raffles held at the end of the parties the special instructions to each group the judgments of the art experts

	In a __________ study, only the experimenter knows who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group.   single-blind triple-blind double-blind placebo

	Double-blind studies control for   the experimenter effect. the placebo effect and the experimenter effect. the placebo effect. extrinsic motivation.

	Dr. Silverberg conducted a study in which she tests infants for memory ability. Before she can begin her study, she must obtain   confidential information from the parents. permission from the parents. informed consent from the parents. permission from the infants.

	Several years ago two scientists announced that they had achieved "cold fusion" in the laboratory, but further studies failed to replicate their findings and later they found that the original scientists had used sloppy methods. This highlights which of the following critical thinking principles?   Few "truths" do not need to be tested. Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true. All evidence is not equal in quality. Critical thinking requires an open mind.

	Which pseudopsychology claims to understand personality through a study of the positions of heavenly bodies?   astrology graphology palmistry phrenology

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