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The Genus Homo
Objectives

  1. What are the major differences between early Homo species and australopithecines?
  2. When and where did individuals of early Homo live? What are the evolutionary relationships of this group to the earlier australopithecines and later species of the genus Homo?
  3. When and where were the first stone tools made? In addition to tool use, what is known about the cultural adaptations of Homo species of the early and middle Pleistocene?
  4. When and where did members of the species Homo erectus first appear? What does the fossil record tell us about the distribution of Homo erectus in terms of time and space?
  5. What current theories attempt to explain human language and its origin? How is the structure of the human brain related to language ability?

Chapter Outline

A. Major Physical Changes in Early Homo

  1. The Brain
  2. The Teeth
  3. The Skull and Jaws
  4. Body Size and Limbs

B. Homo Habilis

  1. Age of Homo habilis
  2. Homo habilis and Other Species of Early Homo

C. The First Stone Tools

  1. Oldowan Stone Tools
  2. Other Aspects of Paleoecology and Behavior

D. Homo in the Middle Pleistocene

  1. Paleoecology and Behavior of Homo erectus
  2. Homo erectus and the Appearance of Homo sapiens

E. The Evolving Brain and Human Evolution

  1. Constraints on the Evolution of Large Brains
  2. Cerebral Laterality: Two Brains in One
  3. Language Areas of the Cortex
  4. The Evolution of Language
  5. Modern Language and Speech



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