Learning Objectives

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After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

Describe how negative life events can affect health outcomes
Describe the relationship between perceived stress and health and the role of the immune system in this relationship
Describe the role of perceived control and the lack of control on health outcomes
Describe how self-efficacy and learned helplessness can influence health
Describe gender differences in coping with stress, and how social support can influence health outcomes
Describe the role of optimism and of Type-A vs Type-B personality in health
Describe how opening up to others may impact health
Describe how message framing can influence health behaviors
Describe how cognitive dissonance can be used to alter health related behaviors

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