These study tips are designed to clarify key points and help you to avoid errors that students commonly make. Review the Tips for Success as you study each chapter and review them again after you have studied each chapter.

1. Do not expect to understand the material in this chapter after reading the chapter once.
• If you do understand the material on the first reading, that is great. However, given the complexity of the material (and the amount of new material), it may take a couple of readings of the chapter for you to fully comprehend the intricacies of the factorial analysis of variance.
2. This chapter contains a lot of new formulas. Do not attempt to learn them all by rote (that is, in a symbol by symbol mechanical fashion). Instead, focus on understanding the logic of the various formulas: once you understand the logic, you will be able to recreate the formulas without the need to learn them in a rote fashion.
3. Study Figure 13-9 (p. 468) very carefully: it outlines the logic of the two-way analysis of variance from the structural model perspective.
4. When figuring the deviation for the interaction effect, keep close track of the signs of the deviations you are subtracting and remember that this interaction deviation, prior to squaring it, is figured from the original unsquared deviations, not the squared deviations.

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