These study tips are designed to clarify key points and help you to avoid errors that students commonly make. Review the Tips for Success as you study each chapter and review them again after you have studied each chapter.

1. When a question requires you to use the normal curve table, always draw a curve and make a rough estimate of the answer before doing any calculations. It is tempting to skip these steps, but they are the key to obtaining the correct answer.
2. Remember that Z scores below the mean are negative Z scores and Z scores above the mean are positive Z scores.
3. Before you proceed to the next chapter, ensure that you have mastered the terminology associated with sample statistics and population parameters.
• This terminology provides the foundation for more complex terminology that you will encounter in later chapters in the book.
• Remember that sample statistics are usually symbolized by ordinary (as opposed to Greek) letters and population parameters are usually symbolized by Greek letters.

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