Chapter Test

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Chapter 7

Chapter Test

Read each question and all answer choices carefully, then choose the best answer.

This activity contains 33 questions.

Identify the indicated parts of Earth's interior by selecting the correct response.
(Earth's interior diagram, Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc.)

The letters A through E appear on an image associated with this question.

This question presents 5 items numbered 1.1 through 1.5. Each item is presented with a pulldown menu containing the letters A through E. For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image.

1.1 mesosphere (lower mantle)	[hint]
1.2 inner core	[hint]
1.3 asthenosphere	[hint]
1.4 lithosphere	[hint]
1.5 outer core	[hint]

Most of our knowledge of Earth's interior comes from the study of

seismic wavesrocksfiresmapsvolcanoes

An increase in heat generally results in the ______________ of mechanical strength of Earth materials.

exaggerationincreasebalanceequilibriumdecrease

Compressional wave motion is achieved by

change in volumechange in shapeboth a and bchange in stateall of the above

	Differences in density and elastic properties of rock greatly influence the velocity of seismic waves.

	True False

Earthquake epicenters are most closely correlated with

plate boundariescontinental interiorshigh latitudescontinental shelvespopulation centers

Earthquake Park near Anchorage, Alaska, is a reminder of damage left after

fire destroyed everythingriver-delta materials experienced liquefactiona landslide moved over 200 acres aftershocks crumbled remaining buildingsall of the above

	Earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of elastic energy.

	True False

Correctly label the type of seismic waves and their characteristic motions using the models below.
(Types of seismic waves and their characteristic motion, © Prentice Hall, Inc.)

The letters A through D appear on an image associated with this question.

This question presents 4 items numbered 9.1 through 9.4. Each item is presented with a pulldown menu containing the letters A through D. For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image.

9.1 P wave	[hint]
9.2 shape change	[hint]
9.3 volume change	[hint]
9.4 S wave	[hint]

	Earthquakes in the central and eastern United States occur more frequently than along the global plate boundary areas.

	True False

	Fluids (liquids and gases) cannot transmit S waves.
	Fluids (liquids and gases) cannot transmit S waves.
	True False

In areas where unconsolidated materials are saturated with water, earthquakes can turn stable soil into a fluid during a phenomenon called

localizationliquefactionlithificationlibationleaching

	Intensity is a measure of the degree of shaking in a given location determined by the amount of damage.

	True False

Large fractures in Earth along which movement occurs or has occurred in the past are called

faultsslabsfociearthquakesslips

	The Moment Magnitude scale is limited because it can be calculated only by field studies and measurements.

	True False

	Earthquakes with a Richter magnitude less than eight are usually not felt by humans.

	True False

	Most earthquakes occur along coastlines.
	Most earthquakes occur along coastlines.
	True False

The adjustments of materials that follow a major earthquake often generate smaller earthquakes called

surface wavesaftershocksforeshockstremorsbody waves

The concept and understanding that the outer core is liquid molten iron is supported by

Earth's magnetic fieldLehmann discontinuityS-wave shadow zonesall of the abovenone of the above

The cool, rigid layer of Earth that includes the entire crust as well as the uppermost mantle is called the

lithosphereasthenosphereoceanic crustlower crustMoho

The location on the surface directly above the earthquake focus is called the

epicycleephemeralepinodeepicenternone of the above

	The mantle is solid because both P and S waves travel through it.

	True False

The method used to determine the epicenter of an earthquake is called

triangulationseismologytime travelcirculationcircumvention

The study of earthquakes and earthquake waves is called

seismogramseismologygeologyquakisticsseismicity

The two types of seismic waves generated by the slippage of a rock mass are

P and surface wavesP and S wavesbody and secondary wavesbody and surface wavesnone of the above

The vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy is called a/an

liquefactionearthquakefaultdiscontinuityfocus

This type of seismic wave propagates by "shaking" the particles of the material it is moving through at right angles to the overall direction of wave movement.

S wavessurface wavesP wavescompressional wavesb and d

	To locate an epicenter, the distance from three or more different seismic stations must be known.

	True False

	Unreinforced masonry buildings are considered the most serious safey threat for populated areas during an earthquake.

	True False

Which of the following events are sometimes associated with tsunamis?

volcanic eruptionssubmarine landslidesearthquakesmeteorite impactsall of the above

The greatest destruction during the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake happened as a result of

liquefactionlandslidestsunamisfiresall of the above

Which one of the following regions has the greatest amount of seismic activity?

central Europesouthern Russiathe eastern United Statesthe central Atlantic basinthe circum-Pacific belt

With increasing distance from the focus, energy from a quake

separates from the coredisappears within a few milesheats updoubles in strengthnone of the above

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Chapter Test

Identify the indicated parts of Earth's interior by selecting the correct response. (Earth's interior diagram, Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc.)

Most of our knowledge of Earth's interior comes from the study of

An increase in heat generally results in the ______________ of mechanical strength of Earth materials.

Compressional wave motion is achieved by

Differences in density and elastic properties of rock greatly influence the velocity of seismic waves.

Earthquake epicenters are most closely correlated with

Earthquake Park near Anchorage, Alaska, is a reminder of damage left after

Earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of elastic energy.

Correctly label the type of seismic waves and their characteristic motions using the models below. (Types of seismic waves and their characteristic motion, © Prentice Hall, Inc.)

Earthquakes in the central and eastern United States occur more frequently than along the global plate boundary areas.

Fluids (liquids and gases) cannot transmit S waves.

In areas where unconsolidated materials are saturated with water, earthquakes can turn stable soil into a fluid during a phenomenon called

Intensity is a measure of the degree of shaking in a given location determined by the amount of damage.

Large fractures in Earth along which movement occurs or has occurred in the past are called

The Moment Magnitude scale is limited because it can be calculated only by field studies and measurements.

Earthquakes with a Richter magnitude less than eight are usually not felt by humans.

Most earthquakes occur along coastlines.

The adjustments of materials that follow a major earthquake often generate smaller earthquakes called

The concept and understanding that the outer core is liquid molten iron is supported by

The cool, rigid layer of Earth that includes the entire crust as well as the uppermost mantle is called the

The location on the surface directly above the earthquake focus is called the

The mantle is solid because both P and S waves travel through it.

The method used to determine the epicenter of an earthquake is called

The study of earthquakes and earthquake waves is called

The two types of seismic waves generated by the slippage of a rock mass are

The vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy is called a/an

This type of seismic wave propagates by "shaking" the particles of the material it is moving through at right angles to the overall direction of wave movement.

To locate an epicenter, the distance from three or more different seismic stations must be known.

Unreinforced masonry buildings are considered the most serious safey threat for populated areas during an earthquake.

Which of the following events are sometimes associated with tsunamis?

The greatest destruction during the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake happened as a result of

Which one of the following regions has the greatest amount of seismic activity?

With increasing distance from the focus, energy from a quake

Identify the indicated parts of Earth's interior by selecting the correct response.
(Earth's interior diagram, Copyright © Prentice Hall, Inc.)

Correctly label the type of seismic waves and their characteristic motions using the models below.
(Types of seismic waves and their characteristic motion, © Prentice Hall, Inc.)