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Chapter 10

Chapter Test

Chapter Test

Select the most appropriate response for each of the following questions.


This activity contains 38 questions.

	At high temperatures and high confining pressures, rocks exhibit ductile behavior.    True  False

	In geology, the term deformation refers to __________.   a change in color or texture of a rock unit breaking a rock into smaller pieces changing the chemical or mineral content of a rock any change in the volume and/or shape of a rock body none of the above

	The factors that influence the strength of a rock include temperature, confining pressure, rock type, and time.    True  False

	Strain is __________.   an irreversible change in volume and/or shape of a rock body caused by stress the amount of force acting on a rock unit the pressure placed on a rock by gravity the force necessary to move a rock unit only that portion of stress that compresses a rock

	In a near-surface environment, most rocks deform by __________.   elastic rebound ductile deformation brittle failure implosion none of the above

	Under surface conditions, rocks that exceed their elastic limit behave like a brittle solid and fracture.    True  False

	Which of the following statements is true of confining pressure?   It tends to compact rocks. It is uniform in all directions. It increases with depth in the Earth. It is caused by the weight of rock that is above a buried rock. All of the above are true.

	Most mountain building occurs in tensional environments.    True  False

	Tensional stress is a differential stress that __________.   occurs at convergent plate boundaries is caused by the load of overlying rocks tends to compress rocks only acts on rocks deep inside Earth is none of the above

	Ductile deformation produces a change in the shape and size of an object without fracturing.    True  False

	If pressure is released, which type of deformation will reverse itself?   plastic brittle elastic fracturing none of the above

	Strained bodies do not retain their original configuration during deformation.    True  False

	Sites where rock is exposed at the surface are referred to as __________.   monoliths outcrops strikes dips structures

	To describe the forces that deform rock, structural geologists use the term stress.    True  False

	What is the angle of inclination of a rock unit or fault called?   tilt inclination joint dip strike

	Geologists use the measurements strike and dip to help determine the orientation or attitude of a rock layer or fault surface.    True  False

	Most folds are a result of __________ stress.   brittle shear tensional compressional none of the above

	When stress is applied, rocks first respond by deforming elastically.    True  False

	Following erosion, which type of fold will have the oldest rock unit exposed in the center?   syncline asymmetrical syncline anticline basin none of the above

	Where the axis of an anticline descends to the ground, the fold is said to be plunging.    True  False

	Which of the following terms describes a fold with a dipping axis?   anticlinal plunging symmetrical asymmetrical none of the above

	Which type of folds are illustrated on the right-hand side of the following photograph?   domes anticlines synclines overturned none of the above

	A broad, nearly circular downwarp with the youngest rock units exposed in the center is called a(n) __________.   anticline dome basin syncline plunge

	In a normal fault, the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall.    True  False

	A fault where the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall is referred to as a __________ fault.   normal transform thrust reverse strike-slip

	Reverse faults are usually produced by compressional forces.    True  False

	What type of faults are illustrated in the following photograph?   strike-slip faults reverse faults transform faults normal faults none of the above

	Grabens and horsts are associated with regions of tectonic plate divergence.    True  False

	The Basin and Range Province covers much of the southwestern United States. These fault-block mountains have been formed by __________ stresses causing numerous__________ faults.   compressional/normal tensional/reverse compressional/reverse tensional/normal tensional/shear

	A fault with primarily vertical displacement is called a dip-slip fault.    True  False

	The "basins" of the Basin and Range Province actually consist of large down-faulted crustal blocks called __________.   hanging walls grabens horsts anticlines none of the above

	Normal faulting is often the type that occurs at spreading centers, where plates are diverging.    True  False

	The San Andreas fault is a classic example of a(n) __________ fault.   reverse normal right-lateral strike-slip thrust left-lateral strike-slip

	The rock in a fault that is above the fault surface is referred to as the hanging wall.    True  False

	Faults in which the movement is primarily horizontal are called dip-slip faults.    True  False

	__________ is most likely responsible for producing the faults illustrated in Question 14.   Ductile deformation Shear stress Compressional stress Tensional stress None of the above

	The San Andreas is a right-lateral fault.    True  False

	A __________ is a fracture that shows no appreciable displacement.   graben strike-slip fault joint dip-slip fault none of the above

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