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Chapter Test


Select the most appropriate response for each of the following questions.


 This activity contains 36 questions.

Question 1.
The source of energy that drives Earth's external processes is __________.
 
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Question 2.
Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer.

weathering involves the complex processes that break down rock components and internal structures of minerals. 
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Question 3.
The physical removal of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, or ice is referred to as __________.
 
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Question 4.
In nature, both types of weathering usually work simultaneously.
   
 
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Question 5.
(Photo courtesy of Nick Cuccia, 1994)
What type of weathering feature is prominent on the cliff face on the left of this photograph taken in Yosemite National Park?
 
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Question 6.
Examine the information on weathering at this site. What type of weathering produces the "rounding" of a rock?
 
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Question 7.
The physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rock at or near Earth's surface is called erosion.
   
 
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Question 8.
Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer.

Of the two types of weathering, weathering is accomplished by physical forces that break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing the rock's mineral composition. 
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Question 9.
Mechanical weathering includes __________.
 
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Question 10.
Within the question text below, there is one text entry field where you can enter your answer.

The process called weathering gives a rock a more rounded shape by attacking the corners more readily than the edges and faces. 
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Question 11.
Frost wedging is most effective in the polar latitudes.
   
 
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Question 12.
Biological activity has little influence on the process of weathering.
   
 
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Question 13.
When granite is chemically weathered, quartz __________.
 
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Question 14.

Take a moment to embark on this virtual field trip of Enchanted Rock, Texas.

One of the first stops shows a photograph of granite that has been broken up by faults. Do you expect these faulted rocks to be more easily weathered or less easily weathered than non-faulted rocks?
 
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Question 15.
Oxidation is an important mechanism in decomposing such ferromagnesian minerals as olivine, pyroxene, and hornblende.
   
 
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Question 16.
Based on your knowledge of how rapidly different minerals weather, which of these rock types would provide the most suitable foundation base for a home built in the tropics?
 
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Question 17.
Quartz is less resistant to chemical weathering than feldspar.
   
 
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Question 18.
Which of the following minerals is most resistant to weathering in the conditions found on Earth's surface?
 
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Question 19.
What factor(s) control the rate of weathering?
 
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Question 20.
In Bowen's reaction series, the minerals that form last are the most susceptible to chemical weathering.
   
 
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Question 21.
Rain is naturally acidic because it contains weak __________ acid.
 
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Question 22.
Soils formed from bedrock are called residual soils.
   
 
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Question 23.
The B horizon of a soil is also called the topsoil.
   
 
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Question 24.
Which of the following is a component of soil?
 
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Question 25.
About fifty percent of the total volume of a good quality soil consists of pore spaces.
   
 
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Question 26.
Eluviation and leaching are most active in the E horizon.
   
 
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Question 27.
The most influential factor controlling soil formation is __________.
 
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Question 28.
In general, the greater the slope, the thicker the soil.
   
 
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Question 29.
Climate is the most influential control of soil formation.
   
 
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Question 30.
The layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering is referred to as __________.
 
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Question 31.
The O and A horizons of a soil make up what is commonly called the subsoil.
   
 
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Question 32.
The same parent material will always produce the same type of soil.
   
 
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Question 33.
The optimum environment for chemical weathering is a combination of warm temperatures and abundant moisture.
   
 
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Question 34.
Removing vegetation will generally increase the rate of soil erosion.
   
 
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Question 35.
The greatest amount of soil erosion is caused by wind.
   
 
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Question 36.
Excessive clay in soil will result in poor drainage.
   
 
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