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Chapter 7 |
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This chapter introduces Southwest Asia and North Africa, a region that includes the tumultuous Middle East and the oil-rich Gulf States. While this region is usually associated with arid climates, oil, and Islam, it is far more complex. Spanning portions of three continents, it was central to world trade for thousands of years. This region was also the birthplace of many beliefs and values that underpin modern western society, including its major religions. The region includes more than two dozen countries, located on the historic meeting ground between Europe, Asia, and Africa. It contains some extremely rugged and varied terrain, including deserts and river valleys, and boasts several important culture hearths (areas of historical cultural innovation). Innovations that arose in this region have diffused far beyond its boundaries. This region has deep religious significance for Jews, Christians, and Muslims, and has also spawned some deep-seated conflicts as a result. The rise and diffusion of Islamic fundamentalism (also called revivalism, this movement advocates a return to more traditional practices within the religion, and challenges the encroachment of global popular culture) has been an important development in world politics. The presence of vast oil reserves has also placed Southwest Asia and North Africa in a key position with respect to the world’s economy.
After reading the chapter, you should be familiar with the many ongoing political conflicts in the region. At the conclusion of this chapter, you should be familiar with the physical, demographic, cultural, political, and economic characteristics of Southwest Asia and North Africa. In addition, you should understand the following concepts and models:
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