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Chapter 6: Ionic Bonds and Some Main-Group Chemistry
Problem Solving Center
Self Quiz 2
Self Quiz 2
This activity contains 20 questions.
Both magnesium and calcium
salts are used to make Portland cement.
occur as free metals in the Earth's crust.
metals have been known since ancient times.
are used in industry to make alloys with aluminum.
salts are isolated from ocean water for commercial use.
Exceptions to the octet rule occur in
elements on the right side of the periodic table that have empty low-energy
p
orbitals.
elements on the right side of the periodic table that have empty low-energy
d
orbitals.
elements that have half-filled valence-shell orbitals.
elements on the lower left side of the periodic table that have low-energy
p
orbitals that can accept extra electrons.
elements that have low Z
eff
values, so that extra electrons are easily attracted to the atom.
If 10.0 g of chloride ions are produced according to the equation 2Br
-
(
aq
) + Cl
2
(
g
) ---> Br
2
(
l
) + 2Cl
-
(
aq
), then the amount of bromine produced is
22.5 g.
45.1 g.
20.6 g.
11.3 g.
90.2 g.
In the reaction of XeF
2
with water-- 2XeF
2
(
aq
) + 2H
2
O(
l
) ---> 2Xe(
g
) + 4HF(
aq
) + O
2
(
g
)--
the fluorine in XeF
2
is oxidized.
the hydrogen in water is oxidized.
the oxygen in water is the oxidizing agent.
the xenon in XeF
2
is the oxidizing agent.
the oxygen in water is reduced.
Magnesium has a slightly larger first-ionization energy than aluminum because
a 3
s
electron is more shielded from the nucleus than is a 3
p
electron.
a 3
s
electron is slightly farther away from the nucleus than is a 3
p
electron.
a 3
p
electron has a slightly lower energy than does a 3
s
electron.
a 3
p
electron experiences a slightly higher effective nuclear charge than does a 3
s
electron.
a 3
s
electron is slightly closer to the nucleus than is a 3
p
electron.
The compound LiI exists as
a two-dimensional lattice in which each Li
+
is surrounded by I
-
ions and each I
-
ion is surrounded by Li
+
ions.
a three-dimensional lattice in which groups of Li
+
are surrounded by groups of I
-
ions and groups of I
-
ions are surrounded by groups of Li
+
ions.
a three-dimensional lattice in which each Li
+
is surrounded by I
-
ions and each I
-
ion is surrounded by Li
+
ions.
individual pairs of Li
+
ions and I
-
ions.
is a chain of alternating Li
+
ions and I
-
ions.
The correctly balanced equation for a reaction of aluminum with the reagent shown is
2Al(
s
) + N
2
(
g
) ---> 2AlN(
s
).
Al(
s
) + S(
s
) ---> AlS(
s
).
4Al(
s
) + 3N
2
(
g
) ---> 2Al
2
N
3
(
s
).
Al(
s
) + 2S(
s
) ---> AlS
2
(
s
).
2Al(
s
) + O
2
(
g
) ---> 2AlO(
s
).
The large increase in ionization energy that occurs between aluminum's third and fourth ionization energies is due to
removal of the fourth electron from a completely filled 3
s
subshell.
the increased distance of the fourth electron from the nucleus.
a lower effective nuclear charge experienced by the fourth electron.
removal of the fourth electron from a completely filled valence shell.
higher energy of the fourth electron.
The noble-gas element in each period shows the highest first-ionization energy in each period because the electrons in the valence subshell
are farther from the nucleus compared to other elements in the period.
experience an effective nuclear charge equal to 0.
experience a low effective nuclear charge.
experience a high effective nuclear charge.
effectively shield one another strongly from the nucleus.
The reaction of magnesium metal with water is correctly represented by the chemical equation
Mg(
s
) + H
2
O(
l
) ---> Mg(OH)
2
(
aq
) + H
2
(
g
).
Mg(
s
) + 2H
2
O(
l
) ---> Mg(OH)
2
(
aq
) + H
2
(
g
).
Mg(
s
) + H
2
O(
l
) ---> MgO(
s
) + H
2
(
g
).
2Mg(
s
) + 2H
2
O(
l
) ---> 2MgOH(
aq
) + H
2
(
g
).
Mg(
s
) + H
2
O(
l
) ---> Mg(OH)
2
(
aq
) + 2H
+
(
aq
).
The reactivity of the halogens decreases going down the periodic table because of their
increasing number of electrons in the valence shell.
increasing electron affinity.
decreasing atomic radius.
decreasing electron affinity.
increasing ionization energy.
Which arrangement of the elements Cl, F, S, Sn, and Te is in order of
decreasing
ionization energy?
F, Cl, S Te, Sn
Sn, S, Te, F, Cl
F, S, Cl, Sn, Te
Te, Sn, Cl, S, F
Sn, Te, S, Cl, F
Which correctly matches the oxidation number of the elements in each compound given?
NaNH
2
: Oxidation number of Na = +1; Oxidation number of N = +1; Oxidation number of H = -1
Li
3
N: Oxidation number of Li = +3; Oxidation number of N = -3
KO
2
: Oxidation number of K = +2; Oxidation number of O = -1
CsO
2
: Oxidation number of Cs = +4; Oxidation number of O = -2
Rb
2
O
2
: Oxidation number of Rb = +1; Oxidation number of O = -1
Which electron configuration corresponds to an element with the most positive electron affinity?
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
6
3
s
2
3
p
2
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
6
3
s
2
3
p
6
4
s
2
3
d
4
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
6
3
s
2
3
p
6
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
5
1
s
2
2
s
2
2
p
6
3
s
2
3
p
6
4
s
2
3
d
10
4
p
4
Which is the correct relationship between the lattice energies of each pair of compounds?
CaO < CaCl
2
KBr > NaCl
BeO < MgO
KCl > KI
BaCl
2
> BaO
Which molecular equation is the general equation for the reaction of an alkali metal (M) with water?
M(
s
) + H
2
O(
l
) ---> MO(
aq
) + H
2
(
g
)
2M(
s
) + 2H
2
O(
l
) ---> 2MOH(
aq
) + H
2
(
g
)
2M(
s
) + H
2
O(
l
) ---> M
2
O(
aq
) + H
2
(
g
)
M(
s
) + H
2
O(
l
) ---> MOH(
aq
) + H
+
(
aq
)
4M(
s
) + 2H
2
O(
l
) ---> 4MH(
aq
) + O
2
(
g
)
Which pair of ionization energies shows an unusually large difference in the specified ionization energies for the indicated element?
O E
i7
compared to E
i6
F E
i6
compared to E
i5
B E
i3
compared to E
i2
C E
i4
compared to E
i3
N E
i5
compared to E
i4
Which statement does
not
correctly describe a commercial use of the particular alkali metal?
Sodium and its salts have little commercial value.
Potassium salts are primarily used as plant fertilizers.
Francium has no commercial value.
Lithium salts are used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Cesium has no major commercial use.
Which statement is
not
true regarding factors that influence electron affinity?
Adding an electron to an inner complete subshell can affect electron affinity.
Adding an electron to a higher energy shell can affect electron affinity.
Adding an electron to a
p
subshell with 4 electrons can affect electron affinity.
The completion of the
p
subshell by adding an electron can affect electron affinity.
Adding an electron to a half-filled subshell can affect electron affinity.
Which unbalanced equation does
not
show the correct products of the Group 2 metal reactions?
Ba(
s
) + F
2
(
g
) ---> BaF
2
(
s
)
Ca(
s
) + S
8
(
s
) ---> CaS(
s
)
Ba(
s
) + H
2
(
g
) ---> BaH
2
(
s
)
Sr(
s
) + O
2
(
g
) ---> SrO
2
(
s
)
SrO(
l
) + Al(
l
) ---> Sr(
l
) + Al
3
O
2
(
s
)
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