Understanding Key Concepts

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Chapter 6: Ionic Bonds and Some Main-Group Chemistry

Problem Solving Center

This activity contains 10 questions.

Francium is a rare and relatively unexplored element. What would you predict its physical state to be at room temperature?

liquidsolidgas

Is francium likely to react with iodine? If so, what is the formula of the product?

Francium and iodine will not react.Yes, they will yield FrI.Yes, they will yield FrI₂.Yes, they will yield Fr₂I.

What is the most likely identity of "X" in the reaction
4 Ga + 3 X₂ ---> 2 Ga₂X₃?

Br₂Cl₂O₂F₂N₂

Which element has the highest first-ionization energy?

poloniumplatinumphosphoruspotassiumpalladium

Which element has the lowest second-ionization energy?

boronbariumbismuthberylliumbromine

Which metal has the most negative electron affinity?

cobaltcadmiumcalciumchromiumcopper

Which metal would be least safe to drop into water?

magnesiumironpotassiumaluminumlithium

Which redox reaction is unlikely to occur?

Br₂ + 2 I^- ---> 2 Br^- + I₂F₂ + 2 Br^- ---> 2 F^- + Br₂Cl₂ + 2 Br^- ---> 2 Cl^- + Br₂Cl₂ + 2 I^- ---> 2 Cl^- + I₂Cl₂ + 2 F^- ---> 2 Cl^- + F₂

Consult Table 6.4 to predict an approximate density for francium.

TABLE 6.4 Properties of Alkali Metals
Name	Melting Point (°C)	Boiling Point (°C)	Density (g/cm³)	1st Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)	Abundance on Earth (%)	Atomic Radius (pm)	Ionic (M⁺) Radius (pm)
Lithium	181	1342	0.53	520.2	0.0020	152	68
Sodium	98	883	0.97	495.8	2.36	186	102
Potassium	63	760	0.86	418.8	2.09	227	138
Rubidium	39	686	1.53	403.0	0.009 0	248	147
Cesium	28	669	1.87	375.7	0.000 10	265	167
Francium	—	—	—	˜400	Trace	—	—

approximately 0.5 g/mLapproximately 1 g/mLapproximately 2 g/mLapproximately 1.5 g/mL

Which is not a property of an alkali metal?

Alkali metals can be cut with a dull knife.Alkali metals have relatively low melting points.Alkali metals are good conductors of electricity.Alkali metals are harder than alkaline earth elements.Alkali metals are highly reactive towards oxygen and water.

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Understanding Key Concepts

Francium is a rare and relatively unexplored element. What would you predict its physical state to be at room temperature?

Is francium likely to react with iodine? If so, what is the formula of the product?

What is the most likely identity of "X" in the reaction 4 Ga + 3 X2 ---> 2 Ga2X3?

Which element has the highest first-ionization energy?

Which element has the lowest second-ionization energy?

Which metal has the most negative electron affinity?

Which metal would be least safe to drop into water?

Which redox reaction is unlikely to occur?

Which is not a property of an alkali metal?

What is the most likely identity of "X" in the reaction
4 Ga + 3 X₂ ---> 2 Ga₂X₃?