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Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Objectives
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Chapter Learning Goals- Classify substances as electrolytes or nonelectrolytes.
- Write molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for precipitation, acid-base, and redox reactions.
- Use solubility rules to predict whether a precipitate might form when aqueous salt solutions are mixed.
- Identify common strong acids and strong bases.
- Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in a chemical species.
- In a redox reaction, identify the species oxidized, the species reduced, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent.
- Using an activity series, predict whether a redox reaction will occur when a metal is placed in contact with a solution containing an ion of a different metal.
- Balance redox reactions by the oxidation-number method or by the half-reaction method.
- Determine the concentration of a species using data from a redox titration.
Ours is a world based on water. Approximately 71% of the earth's surface is covered by water, and another 3% is covered by ice; 66% of an adult human body is water, and water is needed to sustain all living organisms. It's therefore not surprising that a large amount of important chemistry takes place in water—that is, in aqueous solution.
We saw in the previous chapter how chemical reactions are described and how certain mass relationships must be obeyed when reactions occur. In the present chapter, we'll continue our study of chemical reactions by seeing how different reactions can be classified and by learning some of the general ways reactions take place.
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