

After reading Chapter 15, you should be able to:
- Describe the two types of external processes, weathering and mass wasting, which help shape the landscape.
- Explain the importance of parent material, especially its mineral makeup, in terms of weathering.
- Discuss the differences and similarities between chemical and physical weathering.
- Understand frost wedging, salt wedging, jointing, and the freeze–thaw action of water in terms of physical weathering.
- Define oxidation, hydrolysis, and carbonation in terms of chemical weathering.
- Describe the major categories of mass wasting and explain their differences in terms of speed of movement and moisture content.