After reading Chapter 4, you should be able to:
- Define insolation.
- Identify the major areas of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
- Identify the pathways of solar energy through the troposphere to Earth's surface: transmission, albedo (reflectivity), scattering, conduction, convection, and advection.
- Analyze how latitudinal differences and land and water contrasts contribute to spatial and seasonal variations in heating.
- Define the concepts of temperature, kinetic energy, sensible heat, and distinguish among Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales and how they are measured.
- Interpret the pattern of Earth's temperatures from their portrayal on January and July temperature maps and on a map of annual temperature ranges.
