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An Introduction to Geology
Concept Review


Select the most appropriate response for each of the following questions.

1 .       Geology is the science that pursues an understanding of __________. 



2 .       __________ is the fundamental principle of geology that states "the physical, chemical, and biological laws that operate today have also operated in the geologic past." 



3 .       Modern geology began in the late 1700s when James Hutton published his __________. 



4 .       Current estimates put the age of Earth at about __________ years. 



5 .       Relative dating involves __________. 



6 .       All science is based on the fundamental assumption that __________. 



7 .       The overall goal of science is to __________. 



8 .       A(n) __________ is a well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain observable facts. 



9 .       Earth's physical environment is traditionally divided into three major parts: the __________. 



10 .       The Earth system is powered by energy from two sources: __________ and __________. 



11 .       Based on physical properties, Earth's outermost layer, consisting of the crust and uppermost mantle, is a relatively cool, rigid shell called the __________. 



12 .       The three rock types are __________. 



13 .       The two principal divisions of Earth's surface are the __________ and the __________. 



14 .       The __________ form(s) a continuous belt that winds for more than 70,000 kilometers (43,000 miles) around the globe. 



15 .       The oceanic crust is composed of dark igneous rocks called __________, while the upper continental crust has an average composition of a __________ rock. 



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