Chapter 7: Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy from Food

1.	Which of the following metabolic pathways results in a net gain of two ATP and zero NADH molecules per glucose molecule? (level 1) Glycolysis Fermentation Krebs cycle Electron transport chain [Hint]
2.	Which of the following metabolic pathways occur(s) in the cytoplasm of the cell? (level 1) Glycolysis Fermentation Krebs cycle Electron transport chain [Hint]
3.	The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the metabolic pathways listed below? (level 1). Glycolysis Fermentation Krebs cycle Electron transport chain [Hint]
4.	In which of the metabolic pathways (of cellular respiration) listed below does most of the oxidation of the molecules derived from glucose occur? (level 2) Glycolysis Fermentation Krebs cycle Electron transport chain [Hint]
5.	Which of the following is the main ATP-producing pathway during aerobic cellular respiration? (level 1) Glycolysis Fermentation Krebs cycle Electron transport chain [Hint]
6.	Electrons stripped from glucose during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are transported to the electron transport chain by ... (level 2) [Hint]
7.	What is given off as a by-product of cellular respiration during the conversion of pyruvic acid (a three-carbon molecule) into acetyl-CoA (a two-carbon molecule)? (level 2). [Hint]
8.	Which of the following would best represent the progression of energy transformations that occur during aerobic cellular respiration? (level 2) [Hint]
9.	The Guinness Book of World Records' fattest man weighs over 1000 pounds, and decides to go on a massive diet and exercise program. After two years of eating low-fat everything and grueling aerobic exercise, he manages to lose over 600 pounds. Of course, most of it was fat. What form did most of the carbon and oxygen (comprising the fat) take when leaving the body? (level 2). [Hint]
10.	The man in the previous question could have chosen an anaerobic exercise, such as weight lifting, to try to lose weight. Why is an aerobic exercise, such as bicycling, a better choice? (level 2) [Hint]
11.	At the end of the electron transport chain, the final acceptor of the electrons is ______, which produces a molecule of ______. (level 1). [Hint]
12.	What is a "redox reaction"? (level 1) [Hint]
13.	Although a lot of molecules are involved in the production of ATP from food (glucose, pyruvate, citric acid, NADH, etc.), what is the essential energy-carrying particle that is actually harvested from these molecules and used to produce ATP? (level 2). [Hint]
14.	Alcoholic fermentation includes the process of glycolysis plus a "last step" in which pyruvic acid is converted to alcohol and CO2. For a yeast cell, what would be the net gain of ATP if it fermented 10 molecules of glucose? (level 2) [Hint]
15.	Skeletal muscles can use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration to produce the ATP needed for muscle contractions. Skeletal muscles can also stockpile a small amount of ATP and another molecule, phosphocreatine (PCr), that can be used to convert ADP into ATP quickly without having to use either forms of respiration. In prolonged exercise, such as swimming, all three of these processes are utilized to supply ATP for muscle contraction. Which of the following represents the correct order in which these processes are used in the muscle cells during a prolonged swim? (level 2) [Hint]
16.	Although a lot of energy is needed to convert ADP back into ATP, the actual conversion takes place primarily through the work of one enzyme, ATP synthase. ATP synthase is energized to create ATP by what direct energy source? (level 2) [Hint]
17.	Which of the following molecules serves as an intermediate electron carrier in the process of respiration? (level 2). [Hint]
18.	Of the three steps in the cellular respiration process, glycolysis is assumed to be the oldest, having evolved early in the evolution of cells. The Kreb's cycle and ETC are thought to have evolved later. Why do scientists believe that glycolysis is the oldest form of ATP synthesis? (level 2). [Hint]
19.	In the first few steps of glycolysis, two ATP molecules are actually "used-up" instead of produced. Why do you think that this energy must be added to the glucose molecule first before the ultimate harvest of 36 ATP molecules can be attained? (level 2) [Hint]
20.	The process of cellular respiration can be written as a chemical equation. Which of these equations best represents the process of cellular respiration? (level 1). [Hint]
Answer choices in this exercise are randomized and will appear in a different order each time the page is loaded.