Self-Quiz

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Chapter 12: Physical Properties of Solutions

Self-Quiz

This activity contains 21 questions.

Suppose that we had a solvent for which the solid-liquid equilibrium line sloped to the left instead of to the right. What effect would addition of a nonvolatile solute have on the boiling point and freezing point of the solution compared to that of the pure solvent?

The freezing point would not change, but the boiling point would increase.The freezing point would decrease, and the boiling point would increase.The freezing point would decrease, and the boiling point would decrease.The freezing point would increase, and the boiling point would decrease.The freezing point would increase, and the boiling point would increase.

Using this figure we can tell that a solution prepared by dissolving 48 g NH₄Cl in 100 g water at 60 °C will be

supersaturated.saturated.unsaturated.

A 2.11-g sample of naphthalene (C₁₀H₈) dissolved in 35.00 g of p-xylene has a freezing point of 11.25 °C. The pure solvent has a freezing point of 13.26 °C. What is the K_f of p-xylene?

4.53 °C/m23.9 °C/m122 °C/m0.234 °C/m4.27 °C/m

A solution has a 1:4 mole ratio of pentane to hexane. The vapor pressures of the pure hydrocarbons at 20 °C are 441 mmHg for pentane and 121 mmHg for hexane. What is the mole fraction of pentane in the vapor phase?

0.2000.4770.5070.5490.911

Arrange the following in order of increasing concentration: 1% by mass, 1 ppb, 1 ppm, 1 ppt.

1% < 1 ppm < 1 ppb < 1 ppt1 ppt < 1 ppb < 1 ppm < 1%1 ppt < 1 ppm < 1 ppb < 1%1 ppm < 1 ppb < 1% < 1 ppt1 ppb < 1 ppm < 1 ppt < 1%

Calculate the molality of methanol, CH₃OH, in a solution prepared by dissolving 125 mL of pure methanol (d = 0.791 g/mL) in 275 g ethanol.

11.2 m CH₃OH8.25 m CH₃OH14.2 m CH₃OH0.0112 m CH₃OH360 m CH₃OH

Dissolving is not likely to occur to a large extent when

solute-solvent attractions are weak compared to other forces.all interactions are of comparable strength.solute-solute attractions are weak compared to other forces.solvent-solvent attractions are weak compared to other forces.solute-solvent attractions are strong compared to other forces.

Express 5 µg trichloroethylene/L water in ppb.

5 x 10¹² ppb trichloroethylene5 x 10^-9 ppb trichloroethylene5 ppb trichloroethylene5 x 10^-3 ppb trichloroethylene0.2 ppb trichloroethylene

How much sodium chloride and how much water would you need to prepare 5.00 kg of an aqueous solution that is 10.0% NaCl by mass?

500 g NaCl and 5000 g H₂O8.54 g NaCl and 4500 g H₂O4500 g NaCl and 500 g H₂O500 g NaCl and 4500 g H₂O556 g NaCl and 5000 g H₂O

Rank the following solutions in order of increasing osmotic pressure at 25 °C.
0.10 M NaHCO₃, 0.10 M glucose, 0.10 M CaCl₂, and 0.10 M Na₂SO₄

0.1 M CaCl₂ = 0.10 M Na₂SO₄ < 0.1 M NaHCO₃ < 0.1 M glucose0.10 M glucose < 0.10 M CaCl₂ = 0.10 M Na₂SO₄ < 0.10 M NaHCO₃0.10 M glucose = 0.10 M NaHCO₃ = 0.10 M CaCl₂ = 0.10 M Na₂SO₄0.10 M glucose < 0.10 M NaHCO₃ < 0.10 M CaCl₂ = 0.10 M Na₂SO₄0.1 M glucose < 0.1 M NaHCO₃ < 0.1 M CaCl₂ < 0.10 M Na₂SO₄

Suppose that we separate a sugar solution from pure water with a permeable, instead of a semipermeable, membrane and allow the water and the solution to equilibrate. What effect will that have on the experiment?

More water would flow into the water side of the membrane.The final osmotic pressure would be higher.The final osmotic pressure would be lower.Both solutions come to the same concentration.The concentration of sugar increases.

The solubility of O₂(g) in water is 4.43 mg O₂/100 g H₂O at 20 °C when the gas pressure is maintained at 1 atm. What pressure of O₂(g) would be required to produce a saturated solution that is 0.010 M O₂? Assume that the solution volume is the same as the volume of water.

4.43 atm3.6 atm0.14 atm7.2 x 10³ atm7.2 atm

What is the mole fraction sucrose, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, in a solution made by dissolving 325 g sucrose in 242 g H₂O?

0.07083.920.57324.30.0660

When we dissolve a 1.50-g sample of a compound in enough solvent to give 800.0 mL of solution at 27 °C, the osmotic pressure is 2.13 torr. What is the molar mass of the solute?

21.7 g/mol9.10 x 10^-5 g/mol1.36 x 10^-4g/mol1.65 x 10⁴ g/mol16.5 g/mol

Which of the following cations would you expect to have the most negative hydration energy?

Rb⁺Al³⁺Mg²⁺K⁺Na⁺

Which of the following gases would you expect to be most soluble in water?

hydrogen (the other component of "water gas"), H₂acetaldehyde (a product of ethanol metabolism), CH₃-CO-Hmethane (a component of "swamp gas"), CH₄carbon monoxide (one component of "water gas"), CObenzene (a contaminant once found in a brand of mineral water), C₆H₆

Which of the following has the largest Henry's law constant, k, in water at 20 °C?

N₂H₂O₂ArNO

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Colloids, but not solutions, exhibit the Tyndall effect.Colloids can be coagulated by adding an electrolyte.Particle size is larger in a solution than in a colloid.Colloids can be formed by a solid dispersed in a liquid but also by a liquid dispersed in a solid.Neither solutions nor colloids can be separated by filtration, but suspensions can.

Which of the following types of solutions are possible?
a) solid dissolved in a liquid
b) gas dissolved in a liquid
c) gas dissolved in a gas
d) solid dissolved in a solid

a and caa, b, c, and da, c, dc

Which type of colloid below fits the description of an emulsion?
a) a sol
b) liquid in gas
c) mayonnaise
d) liquid in liquid

da and db and cc and da and c

Why is the heat of solution for a gas in water almost always less than zero?

The solute-solute attractions are comparable to the other interactions.There are no solute-solute interactions to overcome.Gases almost always dissolve exothermically.The solute-solvent attraction is strong.Bubbling the gas causes evaporation of the water.

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Self-Quiz

Using this figure we can tell that a solution prepared by dissolving 48 g NH4Cl in 100 g water at 60 °C will be

A 2.11-g sample of naphthalene (C10H8) dissolved in 35.00 g of p-xylene has a freezing point of 11.25 °C. The pure solvent has a freezing point of 13.26 °C. What is the Kf of p-xylene?

A solution has a 1:4 mole ratio of pentane to hexane. The vapor pressures of the pure hydrocarbons at 20 °C are 441 mmHg for pentane and 121 mmHg for hexane. What is the mole fraction of pentane in the vapor phase?

Arrange the following in order of increasing concentration: 1% by mass, 1 ppb, 1 ppm, 1 ppt.

Calculate the molality of methanol, CH3OH, in a solution prepared by dissolving 125 mL of pure methanol (d = 0.791 g/mL) in 275 g ethanol.

Dissolving is not likely to occur to a large extent when

Express 5 µg trichloroethylene/L water in ppb.

How much sodium chloride and how much water would you need to prepare 5.00 kg of an aqueous solution that is 10.0% NaCl by mass?

Rank the following solutions in order of increasing osmotic pressure at 25 °C. 0.10 M NaHCO3, 0.10 M glucose, 0.10 M CaCl2, and 0.10 M Na2SO4

Suppose that we separate a sugar solution from pure water with a permeable, instead of a semipermeable, membrane and allow the water and the solution to equilibrate. What effect will that have on the experiment?

What is the mole fraction sucrose, C12H22O11, in a solution made by dissolving 325 g sucrose in 242 g H2O?

When we dissolve a 1.50-g sample of a compound in enough solvent to give 800.0 mL of solution at 27 °C, the osmotic pressure is 2.13 torr. What is the molar mass of the solute?

Which of the following cations would you expect to have the most negative hydration energy?

Which of the following gases would you expect to be most soluble in water?

Which of the following has the largest Henry's law constant, k, in water at 20 °C?

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Which of the following types of solutions are possible?a) solid dissolved in a liquid b) gas dissolved in a liquid c) gas dissolved in a gas d) solid dissolved in a solid

Which type of colloid below fits the description of an emulsion? a) a sol b) liquid in gas c) mayonnaise d) liquid in liquid

Why is the heat of solution for a gas in water almost always less than zero?

Using this figure we can tell that a solution prepared by dissolving 48 g NH₄Cl in 100 g water at 60 °C will be

A 2.11-g sample of naphthalene (C₁₀H₈) dissolved in 35.00 g of p-xylene has a freezing point of 11.25 °C. The pure solvent has a freezing point of 13.26 °C. What is the K_f of p-xylene?

Calculate the molality of methanol, CH₃OH, in a solution prepared by dissolving 125 mL of pure methanol (d = 0.791 g/mL) in 275 g ethanol.

Rank the following solutions in order of increasing osmotic pressure at 25 °C.
0.10 M NaHCO₃, 0.10 M glucose, 0.10 M CaCl₂, and 0.10 M Na₂SO₄

What is the mole fraction sucrose, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, in a solution made by dissolving 325 g sucrose in 242 g H₂O?

Which of the following types of solutions are possible?
a) solid dissolved in a liquid
b) gas dissolved in a liquid
c) gas dissolved in a gas
d) solid dissolved in a solid

Which type of colloid below fits the description of an emulsion?
a) a sol
b) liquid in gas
c) mayonnaise
d) liquid in liquid