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To be useful in phylogeny inference, characters must be
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Cladistic methods of phylogeny inference are based on which of the following principles?
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Name and briefly describe the process used to determine the direction of evolutionary change in the characters used in phylogeny inference.
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Homoplasy
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Invoking parsimony in phylogeny inference is based on what important assumption(s)?
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This cladogram illustrates the distribution of two traits in a hypothetical lineage of taxa. Assume that the phylogeny illustrated is well supported by other data. Correctly match each character with the most parsimonious explanation of its distribution in terms of the number of times it has been gained and lost. For simplicity, count each gain or loss as a single evolutionary step and assume that, given two explanations with the same total number of steps, the one with the fewest ORIGINS is the most parsimonious.
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Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right.
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| 8. |
Correctly match each method of assessing phylogenetic trees with its description.
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Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right.
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| A. Characters are converted to "distances" based on similarity; taxa are clustered so that the most similar forms are grouped together. |
| B. Selects as the best estimate of phylogeny the tree that requires the fewest evolutionary steps. |
| C. Given an individual phylogenetic tree and a model of character change, calculates the probability of obtaining the observed data. |
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| 9. |
Using one good example from the text, briefly explain how phylogenetic naming schemes would change our existing classification system and why.
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To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
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| 10. |
Molecular clocks can be powerful tools for determining the timing of evolutionary events. They rely, however, on a series of assumptions that may be violated in individual cases. Which of the following is/are possible reasons why a given molecular clock might not be reliable?
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Using one good example, illustrate how phylogenetic analysis can be used to answer questions about biogeography, coevolution, or the origins of disease-causing agents.
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To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
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Answer choices in this exercise are randomized and will appear in a different order each time the page is loaded.
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