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| 1. |
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| 2. |
According to the rate-of-living theory, aging is caused by what process?
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To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
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| 3. |
Graph 1 presents data on metabolic rates in a variety of mammals. Graph 2 presents the results of artificial selection for longevity in fruit flies. Graph 3 illustrates the correlation between red blood cell lifespan and maximum life span in a variety of mammal species. Correctly match each graph with the appropriate interpretation.
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Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right.
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| A. Graph 3 |
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| C. Graph 1 |
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According to the evolutionary theory of aging, what should be the fate of mutations that cause senescence?
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According to the evolutionary theory of senescence, one explanation for aging is the accumulation of mutations that are _____ early in life and _____ late in life.
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| 6. |
Steven Austad tested the predictions of the evolutionary theory of senescence by comparing mainland and island populations of Virginia opossums. Which of the following correctly summarize(s) his findings? Use the graphs to help you answer the question.
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Numerous field studies of birds have shown that many species produce clutches with fewer young than predicted from Lack's hypothesis that the optimal clutch size should be the numerically most productive clutch size. Briefly explain two reasons why the optimal clutch size should, in fact, be lower than the numerically most productive clutch size.
[Hint]
To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
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In addition to the factors identified by studying optimal clutch size in birds, Charnov and Skinner's work on parasitoid wasps indicates another factor that must be taken into account when attempting to understand optimal clutch size. What is that factor?
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The graphs show Sinervo et al.'s data on clutch size and egg mass in two populations of side-blotched lizards in two different years. Which of the following is/are a correct interpretation of these data?
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Fox et al. predicted that, because of differences in host quality among seeds, seed beetles should exhibit phenotypic plasticity in egg size. Which of the following findings were essential in supporting their hypothesis?
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Two scientists (Reinmar Hager and Rufus Johnstone of the University of Cambridge, U.K.) recently investigated the presence of imprinting in mice by taking advantage of some of the many specialized strains that have been bred for laboratory use. One strain (CBA) produces litters of about 9 relatively small pups; one (B6) produces litters of about 7 larger pups. They crossbred the strains to produce a number of litters. Which of the following results would support their hypothesis that imprinting allows fathers to control litter size better than mothers?
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Rice and Holland investigated physiological conflict between male and female fruitflies by developing a line of male flies that had been exposed to competition for mates. They demonstrated that competition for mates selected for a suite of male traits that increased male fitness. Briefly explain how they demonstrated that these traits were detrimental to females.
[Hint]
To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
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| 13. |
According to Grosber's analyses, the two life history morphs of the sea squirt Botyryllus schlosseri are maintained by
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| 14. |
The cladogram below presents the relationships among seven lineages of sea urchins, some with pluteus and some with schmoo larvae. The hypothesis that schmoo larvae evolved independently three times would require that the ancestor at the branch point marked with the arrow had a _____ larva. The hypothesis that urchins with schmoo larvae had "reverted" to urchins with pluteus larvae three times would require that the ancestor at the branch point had a _____ larva.
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According to Gill, what is the reason for the suboptimal life history he documented in pink lady's slipper orchids?
[Hint]
To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
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Answer choices in this exercise are randomized and will appear in a different order each time the page is loaded.
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