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| 1. |
Correctly match each of the following types of interactions with its fitness consequences for the individuals in it.
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Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right.
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| A. The instigator loses fitness while the recipient gains fitness. |
| B. The instigator gains fitness while the recipient loses fitness. |
| C. both participants gain fitness |
| D. Both the instigator and recipient lose fitness. |
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| 2. |
Jabberwocks can produce a maximum of four surviving offspring over their lifetimes. A group of Jabberwock cousins are surprised in the woods by a hunter. One cousin has the opportunity to save the others, but only by sacrificing her life. Assume that none of the cousins (including the actor) has had children and that all cousins (actor and recipients) would have four children if they survived. According to Hamilton's rule, the actor should sacrifice her life to save the others if the number of cousins she can save is greater than _____. Use the graphs to help with the calculations.
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| 3. |
Correctly match each term to its definition.
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Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right.
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| A. fitness through personal reproduction |
| B. fitness from additional reproduction by relatives as a result of an individual's actions |
| C. the total fitness of an individual, through its own reproduction and through the additional reproduction of relatives |
| D. Alleles are favored because they increase the indirect component of fitness. |
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| 4. |
The graphs present Sherman's data on alarm calling in Belding's ground squirrels. In all cases, the bar represents the number of alarm calls given and the dark lines represent the number expected from the prediction that alarm calling is random with respect to relatedness of individual squirrels. In graph B, the description above each bar refers to the presence of at least one relative of the caller. Which of the following is/are a correct interpretation of these results?
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| 5. |
Evidence that white-fronted bee-eater helpers conform to Hamilton's rule includes
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| 6. |
Evidence that haplodiploidy does not explain the evolution of eusociality includes which of the following?
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| 7. |
Briefly discuss the three conditions Nonacs and Reeve identified as relevant to female paper wasps as they "decide" which reproductive strategy to adopt. Your answer should include a brief statement about which conditions might favor which strategies.
[Hint]
To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
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| 8. |
The graphs plot the benefit/cost ratio vs. time for nursing in mammals. Correctly match each label on the graph with its meaning/interpretation.
[Hint]
Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right.
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| 9. |
According to Emlen and Wrege's studies of white-fronted bee-eaters, the risk of being recruited to via harassment to help at a relative's nest? Why, according to Emlen and Wrege, can harassment be an effective strategy for recruiting helpers?
[Hint]
To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
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| 10. |
The table presents Lougheed and Anderson's data from reciprocal rearing experiments with masked and blue-footed booby chicks. Which of the following are reasonable hypotheses based on these data?
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| 11. |
List two of the four characteristics Trivers identified as increasing the likelihood that reciprocal altruism would evolve. List two characteristics of the kinds of organisms in which we would expect to find reciprocal altruism being practiced.
[Hint]
To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
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| 12. |
The graphs show the data from Wilkinson's study of altruistic feeding behavior in vampire bats. Graphs a and b present the number of regurgitators compared to the number of available donors as a function of association between pairs of individuals. Graphs c and d present the same thing as a function of relatedness. None of the pairs are mothers and offspring. Which of the following are correct interpretations of these data?
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| 13. |
Heinsohn and Packer found that territory defense in female African lions defied the simple predictions of both reciprocity and kin selection theory based on which of the following?
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Answer choices in this exercise are randomized and will appear in a different order each time the page is loaded.
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