Chapter 6: Population Genetics 2: Migration, Drift, Non-random Mating

1.	In evolutionary biology, migration is synonymous with [Hint]
2.	Banded water snakes migrate from the mainland of Lake Eerie to various islands. Unbanded water snakes persist at relatively high frequency on the islands in spite of migration because [Hint]
3.	If migration proceeds unopposed by any other evolutionary process, the result will be [Hint]
4.	Goules and Goudet supported their hypothesis that migration (gene flow) in red bladder campions decreased genetic variation among populations by showing that genetic variation was lowest in the _____ populations. [Hint]
5.	Genetic drift [Hint]
6.	Small relictual populations of collared lizards remain in glades of desert-like habitat scattered throughout the oak-hickory forests in parts of the Ozark Mountains. Templeton and colleagues supported the hypothesis that drift had been acting in these populations by documenting that [Hint]
7.	Each of the figures (A, B, and C) illustrates the results of a series of computer simulations of changes in allele frequency in a group of populations due to chance alone. Figure _____ most likely represents the simulations performed on the smallest populations; Figure _____ most likely represents the simulations performed on the largest populations. [Hint]
8.	When drift acts unopposed on a single gene with two alleles, what is the outcome in terms of allele frequency? What is the outcome in terms of genotype frequency? [Hint] To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
9.	The neutral theory of molecular evolution holds that the vast majority of base substitutions that become fixed in a population are selectively neutral; drift therefore dominates evolution at the DNA level. Which of the following lines of evidence support(s) this model? [Hint]
10.	An important tool for testing whether selection or drift is acting on a particular gene is to calculate the ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per site (dN) to synonymous substitutions per site (dS). Correctly match each of the following ratios to its correct interpretation. [Hint] Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right. A. replacements are deleterious B. replacements are neutral C. replacements are advantageous Choice A Choice B Choice C dN/dS < 1  [Hint] Choice A Choice B Choice C dN/dS = 1  [Hint] Choice A Choice B Choice C dN/dS > 1  [Hint]
11.	List three types of loci for which positive natural selection has been strong. What features do they share that leads to this conclusion? [Hint] To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
12.	Important evidence that silent substitutions may be exposed to the action of selection is the phenomenon of ; this phenomenon is most common in highly expressed genes and seems to be a function of selection favoring increased transcription efficiency. [Hint]
13.	The major genetic effect of inbreeding is to [Hint]
14.	According to Westemeier et al., the "extiction vortex" in Illinois greater prairie chickens was due, in effect, to a positive feedback loop between [Hint]
15.	Westemeier and others supported their hypothesis for the decline of the Illinois greater prairie chicken by demonstrating which of the following? [Hint]
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