Chapter 2: The Evidence for Evolution

1.	According to the Theory of Special Creation, species [Hint]
2.	The data presented in this figure illustrate that [Hint]
3.	Which of the folowing best describes vestigial structures? [Hint]
4.	The theory of descent with modification predicts that a regions extant plants and animals will be most similar to fossils _____. [Hint]
5.	Write a brief (one or two sentences) response to the common criticism that Archaeopteryx shouldn't be considered a transitional fossil because it had fully-formed feathers and was therefore clearly a bird. [Hint] To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
6.	According to the phylogeny presented in figure 2.10 (on page 48 of your textbook), the cloest relative of leopards is [Hint]
7.	Homologous characters [Hint]
8.	Briefly explain why shared "flaws", such as the presence of the proximal CMT1A repeat, are particularly strong evidence in favor of descent with modification and against special creation. [Hint] To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
9.	Felix and Rhoads estimated the ages of six processed pseudogenes in the human genome, then looked for the same processed pseudogenes in the genomes of several other primate species. They then mapped the presence of pseudogenes of different ages onto a primate phylogeny that is well supported by a variety of fossil and other evidence. Given that their results support the theory of descent with modification, correctly label the diagram they produced. [Hint] For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image. Choice A Choice B Choice C Youngest pseudogene(s)  [Hint] Choice A Choice B Choice C Oldest pseudogene(s)  [Hint] Choice A Choice B Choice C Intermediate-aged pseudogenes  [Hint]
10.	According to the theory of descent with modification, organisms from the African tropics should be most similar to organisms from _____. [Hint]
11.	Uniformitarianism means that [Hint]
12.	This diagram represents two sedimentary rock layers with one intrusion/dike and a set of boulders. According to the principles used by 19th-century geologists to establish the relative ages of the major rock formations of Europe, what is the correct sequence of the illustrated structures (oldest to youngest)? [Hint]
13.	Briefly (in a single sentence) explain why the principle of uniformitarianism and the establishment of the geologic column were critical for the theory of descent with modification? [Hint] To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
14.	Match each important event with its correct age. [Hint] Using the pulldown boxes, match each item on the left to the corresponding item at right. A. 2.7 billion years old B. 2 billion years old C. more than 3.7 billion years old D. about 4.6 billion years old Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D fossils that appear to be cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae  [Hint] Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D chemical evidence suggestive of life  [Hint] Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D biological molecules preserved in rocks  [Hint] Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D the age of the Earth  [Hint]
15.	According to Metholdogical Naturalism, the only valid hypotheses and explanations for natural phenomena are those that involve _____. [Hint]
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