1.
Explain how restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are used to insert foreign genes into plasmids and create recombinant DNA. Your answer should include a sketch illustrating some of the key events involved.
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2.
How do researchers get foreign DNA into cells? To answer this question, explain how recombinant plasmids are introduced into E. coli cells, how viruses are used to transport genes into human cells, and how the Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium cells is used to transport genes into plants.
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3.
What is a cDNA library? How is one created? Give an example of how a cDNA library can be used in research.
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4.
What information is contained in the human pedigrees that are used in hunting for disease genes? What are genetic markers, and how are they used to create a genetic map? Explain how researchers combine analyses of pedigrees and genetic markers to narrow down the location of disease genes.
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5.
Recall that researchers added the promoter sequence from an endosperm-specific gene to the Ti plasmids used in creating golden rice. Why was this important? Comment on the role that promoter and enhancer sequences have in genetic engineering in eukaryotes.
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6.
In reviewing work on human growth hormone and Huntington’s disease, this chapter described two contrasting strategies for finding genes. Compare and contrast these strategies. Why was the hunt for the growth hormone gene much simpler than the hunt for the Huntington’s disease gene?
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7.
In parasitology, a vector is an organism that carries a disease-causing organism to a new host. Why is it appropriate to apply this term to the plasmids and viruses used in genetic engineering?
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