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a putative gene identified by its similarity to a complementary DNA (cDNA) a gene whose function is already known any member of a gene family a putative gene identified by finding a start codon and stop codon in register—meaning in the correct three-codon reading frame
the movement of transposable elements to new locations in the genome the movement of an exon to a new location by gene duplication the movement of genes carried by viruses from one individual to another individual of the same species the movement of genes from one species to another
parts of viruses that have become integrated into the genome of an organism short and simple repeated sequences in DNA small, extrachromosomal loops of DNA similar to plasmids incomplete or "dead’’ remains of transposable elements
alternative splicing of mRNAs polyploidy, or doubling of the entire chromosome complement expansion of gene families through gene duplication lateral transfer of genes from other species
Its sequence, structure, and composition are similar to another gene in the same genome. Its structure—meaning its pattern of exons and introns—is identical to a gene found in another species. Its composition, in terms of percentage of A-T and G-C pairs, is unique. Its sequence is exactly identical to another gene.
a gene whose function has not yet been established a polymorphic gene—meaning that more than one allele is present in a population a gene whose sequence is similar to functioning genes, but is not transcribed a coding sequence that originated in a lateral transfer event
