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Transcription and Translation > Research Links
Chapter 13,
"Transcription and Translation," discussed how genetic information is ultimately
used to synthesize proteins. The links listed below lead to research,
educational, and biographical sites on the world of RNA and protein
production—and the biologists who do the research.
13.1 Transcription in
Bacteria
Transcription
This site reviews the transcription concepts
discussed in the chapter. Follow the links to compare transcription in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Keywords: RNA, transcription, bacteria,
RNA polymerase
Transcription Animation
This site works step by step through the
stages of transcription, from binding of RNA polymerase to the release of the
new strand of RNA. Following the tutorial, there is a page with links to other
educational resources in molecular biology and a self-test.
Keywords:
transcription, animation, RNA polymerase
13.2 Transcription in
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic Gene Expression
This section of the Biology Project
at the University of Arizona focuses on the unique aspects of the transcription
of eukaryotic RNA. The site includes a problem set for self-testing the concepts
learned in the chapter.
Keywords: eukaryotic transcription, RNA,
problems
13.3 An Introduction to
Translation
Translation
This site reviews key concepts in the translation of RNA to protein. The site includes descriptions of key components and offers a good tutorial on the basics of the process.
Keywords: translation, animation, protein synthesis
Protein
Back-Translation
This site provides a translating tool for
converting RNA codons to amino acid sequences and vice versa. The page can be
used as a study tool for reviewing how the three base codons are translated into
a protein sequence made up of 20 different amino acids.
Keywords:
translation, codon, proteins, genetic code
13.4 The Role of Transfer
RNA
RNA
World
This discusses the structure, function, and possible
evolution of RNA. Follow the "Tertiary Structure of tRNA" link to focus on the
structure and function of transfer RNA.
Keywords: transfer RNA,
translation
13.5 The Ribosome
Ribosomes
This site reviews the process of translation, focusing on the
ribosome and transfer RNA. The review includes terrific images of the ribosome,
translation complex, and transfer RNA "cloverleaf" structure, as well as a good
description of the steps for activating a tRNA with amino acids.
Keywords: ribosome, transfer RNA, translation
The 30S Subunit
The translation complex includes the two ribosomal subunits, messenger RNA, and
activated transfer RNAs. This site describes an English researcher's work on the
30S ribosomal subunit, in which the RNA is now known to take an active part in
the polymerization of protein. Follow the links on the page to animations of the
molecular structure of the subunit and various articles on its
biochemistry.
Keywords: translation, ribosome, RNA,
subunit
13.6 Post-Translational
Events
Post-Translational Modifications
This site, from the Terre Haute
Center for Medical Education, lists the biochemistry and functions of some of
the major post-translational modifications of proteins. Follow the "Medical
Biochemistry" link for a wealth of resources on biochemistry and molecular
biology.
Keywords: post-translation modification, protein
synthesis
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2003
by Prentice Hall, Inc.
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