| 1. |
It turns out that recessive alleles often contain a loss-of-function mutation. When a normal allele and a loss-of-function allele are paired in a heterozygous individual, the normal copy of the gene is frequently able to produce enough functional protein to give a normal phenotype. How do these facts relate to the phenomenon of dominance and recessiveness discovered by Mendel?
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| 2. |
Examine the genetic code as illustrated in Figure 11.10. Note that when several codons specify the same amino acid, the first two bases in those codons are almost always identical. Does this observation support the hypothesis that the genetic code is arbitrary? That is, does the code represent a random assemblage of bases, like letters drawn out of a hat, or does it have distinct patterns? (If patterns exist, you could hypothesize that the code is structured in a way that helps transcription or translation occur more efficiently.) How would you test the hypothesis that the code is indeed random?
To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
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