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The chemical reactions that occur in organisms The synthesis of macromolecules through spark discharges and other reactions during chemical evolution. The synthesis of macromolecules in a test tube, or in vitro. The synthetic compounds that mimic biological enzymes.
Genes are made of protein. A single gene codes for a single protein. Genes code for ribozymes. Genes are composed of stretches of DNA.
It had no control treatments, so it was poorly designed. DNA was thought to be too simple to contain information. The hereditary material had already been shown to be made of protein. The trait that was studied—virulence—is not genetic.
The double helix could not unwind far enough. Messenger RNA was known to serve as an intermediate. In cells that do not have a nucleus, DNA and proteins are never found together. In cells that have a nucleus, DNA is found inside the nucleus but proteins are produced outside the nucleus.
one single-base deletion or one single-base addition two single-base deletions or two single-base additions three single-base deletions or three single-base additions all of the above
analyzing the sequence of RNAs produced from known genes comparing the amino acid sequences of proteins with the base sequence of their genes examining the proteins produced when RNAs of known sequence were translated analyzing mutants that changed the code
