1.
Explain why NADH and FADH2 are called electron carriers, and why they are said to have "reducing power." Where do these molecules get electrons, and where do they deliver them? In eukaryotes, what molecule do these electrons reduce?
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2.
Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.
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3.
What is the relationship between cellular respiration and fermentation? Why does cellular respiration produce so much more ATP than fermentation?
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4.
Make a diagram that shows the relationship between the three components of cellular respiration: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. What molecules connect the three processes? Where does each process occur in a eukaryotic cell?
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5.
Explain the relationship between electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. What does ATP synthase look like, and how does it work?
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6.
Hummingbirds and nectar-feeding insects eat a diet that is rich in sugars and extremely low in protein. How are these individuals able to synthesize the amino acids and proteins they require for growth?
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7.
Describe the relationship between carbohydrate metabolism, the catabolism of proteins and fats, and anabolic pathways.
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