Learning Goals

Studying this chapter will enable you to

	Explain how stellar distances are determined.
	Discuss the motions of the stars through space and how those motions are measured from Earth.
	Distinguish between luminosity and apparent brightness, and explain how stellar luminosity is determined.
	Explain the usefulness of classifying stars according to their colors, surface temperatures, and spectral characteristics.
	Explain how physical laws are used to estimate stellar sizes.
	Describe how an H–R diagram is constructed and used to identify stellar properties.
	Explain how the masses of stars are measured and how mass is related to other stellar properties.