1. Explain the changing appearance of the Moon, and how the relative motions of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon lead to eclipses.
2. Discuss how the observed motions of the planets led to our modern view of a Sun-centered solar system.
3. Sketch the major contributions of Galileo and Kepler to the development of our understanding of the solar system.
4. State Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
5. Explain how astronomers have measured the true size of the solar system.
6. State Newton’s laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation, and explain how they enable us to measure the masses of astronomical bodies.

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