Biology: Life on Earth

Chapter 33: Chemical Control of the Animal Body: The Endocrine System

Essay Challenge

1. List and describe the four types of vertebrate hormones. [Hint]

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2. Compare and contrast endocrine and exocrine glands. [Hint]

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3. Suppose you have ridden your bicycle a few miles on a hot day and have lost a lot of water through perspiration. What will your pituitary gland do in response to this situation? [Hint]

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4. What general types of hormones does the hypothalamus secrete and what do these hormones do? [Hint]

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5. Since thyroxine regulates metabolic rate, it affects most cells of the body. Its levels in the blood are tightly controlled. Explain how thyroxine can shut off its own release. [Hint]

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6. What are the two main hormones secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas? Under what conditions are these hormones secreted and what are their effects on blood glucose levels? [Hint]

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7. What are the steps, starting with hormone release by the anterior pituitary, that are involved with the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty? [Hint]

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8. Many college students get sick during or following final exams. Give a possible explanation of this phenonemon based on what you know about how stress affects the endocrine system. [Hint]

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