Biology: Life on Earth

Chapter 30: Nutrition and Digestion

Essay Challenge

1. What basic needs do the five major nutrients fulfill for the body? [Hint]

To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

2. Compare and contrast intracellular and extracellular digestion. [Hint]

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3. What tasks do all digestive systems carry out regardless of the type of organism? [Hint]

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4. What adaptations have ruminants developed to assist in the digestion of cellulose? [Hint]

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5. Explain how the human mouth takes part in both the mechanical and chemical digestion of food. [Hint]

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6. Explain why "never drink on an empty stomach" is sound advice when you are consuming alcoholic beverages. [Hint]

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7. The mechanical digestion of food, the role of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine, and bile salts all take advantage of a similar principle to help facilitate the process of digestion. Describe this principle and explain how it is involved in each of these digestive concepts. [Hint]

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8. Explain how a person on a long-term course of antibiotics to treat a chronic infection can develop a vitamin K deficiency. [Hint]

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9. There are three different types of enzymes secreted by the pancreas. What are these enzymes and what role do each of them play in digestion? [Hint]

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