Chapter 10: Gene Expression and Regulation

1.	Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the differences between DNA and RNA? [Hint]
2.	The process of RNA synthesis is called __________. [Hint]
3.	Information in DNA is carried in __________. [Hint]
4.	Which of the following statements about the functions of RNA is correct? [Hint]
5.	Which of the following correctly lists the items in order of their relative sizes? [Hint]
6.	Both transcription and translation occur in three steps. What happens during the elongation step of each process? [Hint]
7.	The flow of genetic information in cells depends on specific base pairing between nucleotides. Which of the following correctly matches the type of base pairing with the process of translation? [Hint]
8.	During DNA replication, a mistake was made in which an A was changed to a G. This kind of mutation is called a(n) __________. [Hint]
9.	The DNA sequence of a codon in a gene was changed from AAT to AAC. This type of mutation is called a(n) __________. (Refer to Table 10-3 in your textbook.) [Hint]
10.	The cells in your skin have a different shape and different function from the cells in your liver because the two types of cells have different __________. [Hint]
11.	Which genes are expressed in a cell depends on the cell’s __________. [Hint]
12.	Which of the following is NOT a step at which gene expression can be regulated in eukaryotic cells? [Hint]
13.	In mammals, males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome and females have two X chromosomes. How is the expression of genes on the X chromosome regulated so that there is equal expression of genes on the X chromosome in males and females? [Hint]
14.	Imagine that a codon in the template strand of a gene has the sequence TAC. What sequence of the anticodon would decode this codon? Explain your answer. [Hint]
15.	Certain genes, sometimes called housekeeping genes, are expressed in all cells in your body. Other genes are expressed only in certain specialized cells. Which of the following genes is likely to be a housekeeping gene? [Hint]
16.	Imagine that a probe sent to Mars brings back a sample that contains a very primitive life-form that appears similar to bacteria. Scientists are able to revive it and begin to grow it in culture. Much to their amazement, they discover that the organism has DNA and that the DNA encodes proteins. However, the DNA of these Martian microbes contains only two nucleotides, and these nucleotides contain bases that are not present in the DNA of organisms on Earth. If the Martian microbe uses triplet codons, what is the maximum number of different amino acids that it can have in its proteins? Explain. [Hint]
17.	Some people have eyes of two different colors. What is a possible explanation for this trait? [Hint]
18.	How did Beadle and Tatum use genetic mutations in strains of Neurospora as an investigative tool? [Hint]
19.	mRNA complementary to DNA is produced via __________. [Hint]
20.	The "genetic code" includes __________. [Hint]
21.	What is the promoter region? [Hint]
22.	Which of the following is the first step in translation? [Hint]
23.	Regulation of genetic expression __________. [Hint]
24.	Cells produce molecules in a series of steps called pathways. [Hint]
25.	Since DNA is in the nucleus, and protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm, there must be an intermediary that carries the DNA's message to the cytoplasm. This intermediary is called . [Hint]
26.	consist of three bases. Each of these either initiates or stops translation or specifies a particular amino acid in DNA translation. [Hint]
27.	Three codons tell protein synthesis to cease. These codons are called codons. [Hint]
28.	RNA is the molecule that is responsible for synthesizing each form of RNA. [Hint]
29.	is the type of RNA molecule that is created in the nucleus and then carries the genetic information to the cytoplasm. [Hint]
30.	There are three different types of RNA, each with different functions. The image below depicts these different RNA types. Label the types and the portions of each as indicated. [Hint] For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image. Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D ribosomal RNA small subunit Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D ribosomal RNA large subunit Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D transfer RNA Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D messenger RNA
31.	Transcription and translation have many components. Label those indicated on the image below. [Hint] For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image. Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E DNA Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E messenger RNA (mRNA) Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E protein Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E gene not being actively transcribed Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E gene being transcribed
32.	There are discrete steps in the process of transcription. Label these steps on the image below. [Hint] For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image. Choice A Choice B Choice C elongation Choice A Choice B Choice C initiation Choice A Choice B Choice C termination
33.	Identify each of the structures in the diagram below as they relate to transcription and translation. [Hint] For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image. Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E primary protein structure Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E messenger RNA Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E transfer RNA Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E complementary strand DNA Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E template strand DNA
34.	A typical DNA strand includes many portions that do not code for proteins. Label these structures on the diagram below. Follow the genetic material as it moves through the processes illustrated in Part b, labeling each step. [Hint] For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image. Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E transcription Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E introns Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E RNA splicing Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E promoter Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E exons
35.	What does mRNA carry from the nucleus? [Hint]
36.	Unripe black walnuts contain a compound, juglone, that inhibits RNA polymerase. With which process would juglone most likely interfere? [Hint]
37.	If you were to create a drug that recognized and bound irreversibly to the promoter region of a specific gene, thereby blocking it, what effect would you expect that drug to have? [Hint]
38.	What kind of point mutation would have the most dramatic effect on the protein coded for by that gene? [Hint]
39.	The codon that will be recognized by the anticodon GAU is . [Hint]
40.	is the specific kind of nucleic acid found in ribosomes. [Hint]
41.	A mutation in which only one nucleotide in the DNA is changed is called a mutation. [Hint]
42.	One kind of mutation that has a high probability of affecting the final protein is a mutation. [Hint]
43.	In female mammals one X chromosome in each cell is inactivated, and the inactivated X forms a structure called a . [Hint]
44.	Gene is the production of the protein (or RNA) coded for by a gene. [Hint]
45.	A gene
46.	Which of the following is a single-stranded molecule that contains the information for assembly of a specific protein?
47.	Anticodon is the term applied to
48.	DNA
49.	Synthesis of a protein based on the sequence of messenger RNA
50.	A Barr body is
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