Chapter 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

1.	Photosynthesis and glucose metabolism are related because __________. [Hint]
2.	Glycolysis is __________. [Hint]
3.	Which of the following statements concerning fermentation is (are) true? [Hint]
4.	The energy-harvesting reactions of glycolysis produce two molecules of __________, two molecules of __________, and two molecules of __________. [Hint]
5.	In aerobic organisms growing in the presence of oxygen, the NADH produced by glycolysis ultimately donates its high-energy electrons to __________. [Hint]
6.	Respiration is the process of gas exchange (breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide); cellular respiration is the process of __________. [Hint]
7.	How is the oxygen that is breathed in during respiration used in cellular respiration? [Hint]
8.	In eukaryotic cells, glycolysis occurs in the __________, and cellular respiration occurs in the __________. [Hint]
9.	In eukaryotic cells, the enzymes for the Krebs cycle are located in the __________, and those for the electron transport system are located in the __________. [Hint]
10.	In eukaryotic cells, pyruvate produced by glycolysis is transported into the mitochondrial matrix, where __________. [Hint]
11.	As high-energy electrons are passed from carrier to carrier along the electron transport system in cellular respiration, the electrons lose energy. Some of that energy is directly used to __________. [Hint]
12.	In eukaryotes, during the process of chemiosmosis, ATP is produced as hydrogen ions move from __________ to __________, passing through __________. [Hint]
13.	Why does death result from any situation that prevents a person from breathing? [Hint]
14.	The overall equation for glucose metabolism is C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP and heat. The carbon atoms in the CO2 molecules in this equation come from __________ during reactions of __________. [Hint]
15.	At the beginning of most recipes for bread, you are instructed to dissolve the yeast in a mixture of sugar (sucrose) and hot water, in some cases with a small amount of flour. Within a short time, this yeast mixture begins to bubble and foam, perhaps to the point of overflowing the container. What is happening? [Hint]
16.	Where is the majority of ATP produced? [Hint]
17.	Glycolysis can be broken down into what two parts? [Hint]
18.	How do cells recycle NADH back to NAD+ during fermentation? [Hint]
19.	The production of what molecule marks the end of glycolysis and the beginning of cellular respiration? [Hint]
20.	What role is played by the electron transport chain during cellular respiration? [Hint]
21.	Why should anyone care about the importance of ATP production? [Hint]
22.	You are comparing two cultures of cells, one that is undergoing cellular respiration and one that is fermenting. Both cultures are producing ATP at the same rate. If this is true, what else would you observe about the fermenting culture? [Hint]
23.	Suppose that the reactions of mitochondria of a green plant were completely inhibited. What process would immediately stop? [Hint]
24.	Which molecules are produced in glycolysis and used in fermentation? [Hint]
25.	Which pathway produces the most ATP per glucose molecule? [Hint]
26.	How many molecules of ATP would be produced from 20 molecules of glucose at the end of fermentation? [Hint]
27.	The initial reactions that break down glucose without the use of oxygen are called . [Hint]
28.	In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate acts as an electron acceptor in a process called . [Hint]
29.	is a series of reactions, occurring under aerobic conditions, in which large amounts of ATP are produced. [Hint]
30.	If oxygen is present after glycolysis, pyruvate is transported to the mitochondria and broken down further in the . [Hint]
31.	Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are deposited in the . [Hint]
32.	is the process in which hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient through ATP-synthesizing enzymes. [Hint]
33.	The figure below depicts an overview of glucose metabolism. Label the reactions indicated. [Hint] For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image. Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D fermentation Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Krebs cycle Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D glycolysis Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D electron transport system
34.	Two different molecules of energy storage are formed by the reaction depicted below. Match the molecule with its formation site in the reaction. [Hint] For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image. Choice A Choice B ATP Choice A Choice B NADH
35.	Glycolysis involves the breakdown of sugar. Put the correct compounds entering and exiting glycolysis in this diagram. [Hint] For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image. Choice A Choice B pyruvate Choice A Choice B glucose
36.	Where does glycolysis occur?
37.	Where does respiratory electron transport occur?
38.	What is the product of the fermentation of sugar by yeast in bread dough that is essential for the rising of the dough?
39.	The majority of ATP produced in aerobic respiration comes from
40.	The process that converts glucose into two molecules of pyruvate is
41.	The process that causes lactate buildup in muscles during strenuous exercise is
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