1 .		According to Herr and Cramer, the counseling field emerged from [Hint]   the vocational/career guidance movement.   the field of psychological measurement.   theories of personality development.   all of the above.
2 .		Savickas observed that the nature of work is influenced by [Hint]   changes in gender roles.   questioning the career ethic that valued competition and a vertical view of life.   lack of willingness to make self-sacrifices for employers.   all of the above.
3 .		According to the authors of the book, career counselors can provide assistance that is sensitive to the career concerns of young people and adults in the 21st century by [Hint]   providing counseling-based career assistance.   providing support to their clients.   attending to their clients' life structure issues.   doing all of the above.
4 .		According to Otani's taxonomy, a client who over-intellectualizes and externalizes career-related issues might be considered [Hint]   lacking in motivation.   distorted in cognition.   resistant.   passive-aggressive.
5 .		Spokane suggested that career counselors could use all of the following to cope with client resistance EXCEPT [Hint]   assign the reading of a book on the topic.   consider the career counseling process from the client's perspective.   enlist family support.   customize interventions to meet the client's needs.
6 .		The type of support a client may need from a career counselor depends in part on the [Hint]   theoretical framework of the counselor.   specific career concerns being addressed with the client.   degree of client comfort with support.   setting in which counseling occurs.
7 .		Helping clients acquire information that is useful in making accurate self-evaluations is a form of [Hint]   assessment support.   informational support.   emotional support.   cognitive support.
8 .		Watkins and Savickas propose that all of the following can benefit from incorporating the subjective perspective into career counseling EXCEPT [Hint]   culturally diverse clients.   mid-career changers.   indecisive clients.   older adults.
9 .		A topic not usually considered in the initial stage of career development is [Hint]   the client's view of self.   interventions for addressing the client's concerns.   the client's significant work and life experiences.   the client's family and educational background.
10 .		Providing emotional support to clients includes, according to Schlossberg, making them [Hint]   feel as if they matter.   increase their motivation.   become sensitive to multiple options.   feel equal in status.
11 .		According to Brown and Brooks, one possible reason why premature closure of career counseling occurs is that [Hint]   clients believe that they have achieved their goals.   the career counseling experience is more difficult than expected.   the number of meeting times exceeded their view of short-term counseling.   clients expect counselors to tell them what is best for them.
12 .		According to Pyle, a career counseling group in which the members process, synthesize, and identify actions they can take to advance their career development is probably in the [Hint]   opening stage.   investigative stage.   working stage.   decision/operational stage.
13 .		Comparing career counseling groups with career guidance groups, counseling groups [Hint]   are more process oriented.   are more information-oriented.   have a larger number of participants.   are less structured.
14 .		It is typical of career counseling groups that they [Hint]   are less effective than individual career counseling.   require less skill on the part of the counselor than individual career counseling.   provide an opportunity for members to learn about themselves and others.   can be a substitute for individual career counseling.