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Part 4: Obtaining Study Subjects and Collection of Data

Chapter 11: Populations and Samples

Review Questions

Review Questions


This activity contains 13 questions.

	A target population differs from the accessible population in which ways?   Samples are taken from the accessible population to form the target population. The target population does not represent the designated set of criteria. The accessible population is the entire population to which the researcher wishes to generalize the study findings. The target population is the entire population to which the researcher wishes to generalize the study results.

	Probability sampling involves   asking one subject to recommend three more. the use of sequential lists. the use of a random selection process. haphazardly selecting names from a telephone book.

	The most commonly used random sampling method is   numbered balls. closed envelope technique. table of random numbers. drawing numbered sheets of paper from a receptacle.

	The nurse researcher knows that nonprobability sampling more likely produces which of the following results?   There will be no risk to generalizability of findings. All elements of the population have the same chance of being included. A biased sample. Easily estimated probability that each element will be represented.

	Differentiate between a longitudinal and cross-sectional study.   A longitudinal study is conducted looking at before and after an intervention; a cross-sectional study looks at one aspect only. A longitudinal study follows subjects over a period of time, in the future; a cross-sectional study examines subjects at one point in time. The sample from a cross-sectional study comes from a cross-section of subjects from several separate states; a longitudinal study includes subjects in neighboring states. A longitudinal study looks back at subjects, a cross-sectional study looks forward.

	Which of the following statements is true about sample size?   Desired sample sizes can be easily determined. The more alike a population’s members are, the larger the sample needs to be. Large samples are needed when probability sampling techniques are used. Generally, large samples are more representative of the population of interest.

	What is the difference between sampling error and sampling bias?   Sampling error occurs by chance; sampling bias is caused by the researcher. Sampling bias occurs by chance; sampling error is caused by the researcher. All random sampling procedures are subject to sampling bias. Sampling error is under the researcher’s control, bias is not.

	Nurse researchers must understand the difference between random sampling and random assignment. The knowledgeable researcher knows that   random assignment is a condition of a true experimental design. the two terms can be used interchangeably. random sampling is a condition of a true experimental design. the two terms are confusing because they are different ways of looking at the same thing.

	What are the characteristics of a sample? Select all that apply.   It is a subset of the entire population of interest. The more carefully it is selected, the more generalizable the findings to the population of interest. It consists of all the members of the population of interest. It consists of individual elements called subjects or participants.

	Why are convenience samplings, quota or purposive non-probability sampling used in most nursing studies?   Representativeness of the sample can be accurately determined. Nursing research does not require stringent sampling techniques. Nurse researchers have a lot of time to study subjects. There are savings in time and money using this type of sampling techniques.

	Differentiate between stratified and simple random sampling.   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	In which situation would a large sample be needed?   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

	Outline a method for using a random number table.   To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.

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