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Essay

This activity contains 5 questions.

One major impetus for the passage of federal special education laws was concern over misuse of standardized tests with culturally and linguistically diverse students. Using Table 3–2 in the text as a guide, discuss several inappropriate assessment practices of the past and explain the current legal safeguards to prevent the recurrence of these practices.

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On norm-referenced tests, the standard of comparison against which a student's performance is evaluated is the performance of age (or grade) peers in the norm group. Explain the standard of comparison for informal assessment tools such as classroom quizzes, inventories, and criterion-referenced tests.

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When professionals select a tool for assessment, they consider not only the technical quality of the measurement device, but also the particular purpose for which it will be used. Tell why a technically poor measure is never an appropriate assessment tool. Then give an example of a situation in which a technically adequate measure is inappropriate because it does not fit the purpose of the assessment.

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Grade equivalents are available on many tests, although there are many criticisms of this type of score. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of grade scores, giving your opinion on the International Reading Association's recommendation that grade equivalents be eliminated from standardized tests.

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Discuss several potential sources of bias in the assessment process, including the selection of inappropriate procedures. Identify five ways in which bias can be introduced into assessment, and discuss how each can be prevented.

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